[45], Further light is shed upon Amenhotep's funerary cult by multiple documents which appear to detail the rituals dedicated to Amenhotep. There are no recorded campaigns in Syro-Palestine during Amenhotep I's reign. Statue of Amenhotep III. [11] This remains the consensus, although there are arguments against that relationship as well. [12] His mother, who lived at least one year longer than he did, was also deified upon her death and became part of his litany. When he was old C. When he was in middle age D. When he was a child . Amenhotep I's Horus and Two Ladies names, "Bull who conquers the lands" and "He who inspires great terror," are generally interpreted to mean that Amenhotep I intended to dominate the surrounding nations. [citation needed] A temple was constructed in Nubia at Saï,[10] and he built temple structures in Upper Egypt at Elephantine, Kom Ombo, Abydos, and the Temple of Nekhbet. A Geologist B. [16] Thus, in the high chronology, Amenhotep I is given a reign from around 1546 to 1526 BC and, in the low chronology, from around 1526 to 1506 BC or 1525 to 1504 BC,[17] though individual scholars may ascribe dates to his reign that vary from these by a few years. Amenhotep I (/ˌæmɛnˈhoʊtɛp/[3]) (Ancient Egyptian: jmn-ḥtp(w) /jaˌmanuwˈħatpaw/ "Amun is satisfied"; Amarna cuneiform a-ma-an-ha-at-pe or -at-pa), Amenôthes I,[4] or Amenophis I, (/əˈmɛnoʊfɪs/,[5]) from Ancient Greek Ἀμένωφις ,[6] additionally King Zeserkere (transliteration: Ḏsr-k3-R`),[7] was the second Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. Many rulers are famous for their heroic and legendary feats, like David defeating the giant Goliath. [26] However, neither of these references necessarily refer to campaigning, nor do they even necessarily date to Amenhotep's reign. The previous name of Akhenaten was King Amenhotep IV before the fifth year of his reign and he was also known as Akhenaton. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amenhotep-I, The British Museum - Biography of Amenhotep I. Omissions? This page was last edited on 5 April 2021, at 11:56. [10] In April 2021 his mummy was moved to National Museum of Egyptian Civilization along with those of 17 other kings and 4 queens in an event termed the Pharaohs' Golden Parade. If the observation was made in Thebes, however, it could only have taken place in 1517 BC. Waddell, Loeb Classical Library, 1940, p.109, Biography of Ahmose, son of Ebana (Ancient Records of Egypt: The eighteenth dynasty), "22 Ancient Pharaohs Have Been Carried Across Cairo in an Epic 'Golden Parade, University of Illinois Press, 2001 (p.17), Netherlands Scientific Journals in Palaeontology & Egyptology, Statue of Amenhotep I circa 1510 BC Thebes, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_I&oldid=1016103873, Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles containing Ancient Egyptian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1525–1504 BC (disputed), 20 years and 7 months in, Ashton, Sally; and Spanel, Donald. Helck, Wolfgang; Otto, Eberhard; Drenkhahn, Rosmarie. Wikipedia: Amenhotep 1 When he was a teenager B. [5] If an Egyptian crown prince was proclaimed king but did not take the throne on the day after his father's death, it meant that he served as the junior coregent during his father's reign. [23] This makes study of the art of his reign difficult. Akhenaton started his reign as most Egyptian kings. Amenhotep III is a Pharaoh of the 18 th dynasty of the new kingdom around 1382 to 1344 BC. How did Amenhotep III die? His only confirmed activities in Asia are the reopening of the mines at Sinai and the reoccupation of the fortress erected there during the Middle Kingdom (1938–c. Born to Ahmose I and his wife, Ahmose Nefertari, Amenhotep, which means “Amun is satisfied”, was the youngest of three sons and was not expected to inherit the throne. He inherited the kingdom formed by his father's military conquests and maintained dominance over Nubia and the Nile Delta but probably did not attempt to maintain Egyptian power in the Levant. The evidence for this regency is that both he and his mother are credited with founding a settlement for workers in the Theban Necropolis at Deir el-M… A. [36] Deir el-Bahri appears to have had some sort of funerary significance for Amenhotep, since Theban Tomb 358, the tomb of his queen Ahmose-Meritamon, was also found nearby. As shown by a graffito from the seventh year of his reign, he reached the frontier at the Second Cataract of the Nile, probably establishing a frontier farther south on Sai Island. [1] The causes of Amenhotep III’s death are not known. Occupation: Pharaoh of Egypt Born: Around 1380 BC Died: 1336 BC Reign: 1353 BC to 1336 BC Best known for: Changing the religion of Ancient Egypt and building the city of Amarna Biography: Akhenaten was an Egyptian pharaoh who ruled during the Eighteenth Dynasty of the New Kingdom period of Ancient Egypt. Amenhotep probably came to power while he was still young himself, and his mother, Ahmose-Nefertari, appears to have been regent for him for at least a short time. [33] When the nights were shorter in the summer, these waterclocks could be adjusted to measure the shorter hours accurately. West, Stephanie. [8], Amenhotep I was the son of Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari. When he was a teenager B. As shown by a graffito from the He was the son of the prior pharaoh, Thutmose III. A Scientist C. An Egyptian king D. A historian. [12] One text has also been interpreted to mean that Amenhotep appointed his infant son as coregent, who then predeceased him. [10] The evidence for this regency is that both he and his mother are credited with founding a settlement for workers in the Theban Necropolis at Deir el-Medina. After his death, he was deified as a patron god of Deir el-Medina. Amenhotep II was born to Thutmose III and a minor wife of the king: Merytre-Hatshepsut. Amenhotep I, the Second King of Egypt's 18th Dynasty. However, sometime in the eight years between Ahmose I's 17th regnal year and his death, his heir apparent died and Amenhotep became crown prince. [49], Second Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, One of the few surviving three-dimensional representations of Amenhotep I contemporary to his reign, now in the, Manetho - translated by W.G. [34] Ineni's tomb biography indicates that he created a 20-cubit gate of limestone on the south side of Karnak. [45] The first was the "spreading of the funeral couch for king Amenhotep," which probably commemorated the day of his death. [31] The Ebers papyrus, which is the main source for information on ancient Egyptian medicine, also seems to date to this time (the mention of the Heliacal rise of Sothis by which the early New Kingdom chronology is usually calculated was found on the back of this document). [33] This invention was of great benefit for timekeeping, because the Egyptian hour was not a fixed amount of time, but was measured as 1/12 of the night. It seems that the A… Amenhotep I was succeeded by Thutmose I, apparently a senior military figure. 1630 bce), but there is indirect evidence that he held territory in Syria. [11] Since Aahmes is never given the title "King's Daughter" in any inscription, some scholars doubt whether she was a sibling of Amenhotep I.[12]. 3. Who discovered Tut's tomb and when? Amenhotep III from a statueat Luxor Names: Horus name: KanakhtKhaemmaat Nebty name: Semenhepusegerehtawy Golden Falcon name: Aakhepesh-husetiu Prenomen: Nebmaatre Nomen: Amenhotep Family Background: Amenhotep was deified upon his death and made the patron deity of the village which he opened at Deir el-Medina. He was not, however, the firstborn son of this pharaoh; his elder brother Amenemhat, the son of the great king's chief wife Satiah, was originally the intended heir to the throne since Amenemhat was designated the 'king's eldest son" and overseer of the cattle of Amun in Year 24 of Thutmose's reign. As the Egyptians in the midst of the sea clearly drowned, when God overthrew them, and “none of them remained” (verse 28), it is illogical to say that somehow Pharaoh did not drown when God overthrew him. Books and movies of ancient Egypt usually include pictures of King Tut's blue and gold sarcophagus, and the mystery around his short life and rule is frequently debated. Amenhotep and Tiye had a number of children. [31], Amenhotep I was the first king of Egypt to separate his mortuary temple from his tomb, probably in an attempt to keep his tomb safe from robbers. Amenhotep acceded to the throne on the first day of the fourth month of Akhet, but his father died on the thirtieth day of the third month of Peret. After Amenhotep died, wherever his tomb was located, his body did not remain there. Although Akhenaten’s religion did center on one god, it was not strictly monotheistic and was by no means identical to the Israelites. [24] If Thutmose did not lead a campaign which has not been recorded into Asia before this recorded one, it would mean that the preceding pharaoh would have had to pacify Syria instead,[25] which would indicate a possible Asiatic campaign of Amenhotep I. [12] With no living heirs, Amenhotep was succeeded by Thutmose I, who he married to his "sister", Aahmes. Whereas his father, Amenhotep III, had sought to reduce the increasing power of the priesthood, Akhenaton practically dismantled it. [6] He then acceded to the throne and ruled for about 21 years. The son of Ahmose and Queen Ahmose Nefretiri, Amenhotep I was the second king of the 18th Dynasty.He may have ascended to the throne at a relatively young age, for an elder brother had been designated as … According to the tomb texts of Ahmose, son of Ebana, Amenhotep later sought to expand Egypt's border southward into Nubia and he led an invasion force which defeated the Nubian army. [29] The two types are so similar that modern Egyptologists have had trouble telling the two apart. His elder brothers, the crown prince Ahmose Sapair and Ahmose-ankh, died before him, thus clearing the way for his ascension to the throne. [33], Amenhotep began or continued a number of building projects at temple sites in Upper Egypt but most of the structures he built were later dismantled or obliterated by his successors. His elder brothers, the crown prince Ahmose Sapair and Ahmose-ankh, died before him, thus clearing the way for his ascension to the throne. [14] The latter choice is usually accepted as correct since Thebes was the capital during the early 18th dynasty: hence, Amenhotep I is usually given an accession date in 1526 BC,[13] although the possibility of 1546 BC is not entirely dismissed. A report on the security of royal tombs in the Theban Necropolis commissioned during the troubled reign of Ramesses IX noted that it was then intact, but its location was not specified. As was proven already, he launched A 1 in Year 3, and the events surrounding this campaign can be dated chronologically in the following sequence: (1) Thutmose III died on ca. The dental problems which he suffered from resulted in an abscess and he died in 1353 BC. Amenhotep took for his Great Royal Wife Ahmose-Meritamo… Amenhotep I was the son of Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari. Amenhotep I was the son of Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari. His tomb was probably a rock-cut structure separated from its mortuary temple, a departure from earlier royal practice. Akhenaten was the heir to the throne and took over as Pharaoh when Amenhotep III died. [20], Egypt had lost the western desert and the oases during the second intermediate period, and during the revolt against the Hyksos, Kamose thought it necessary to garrison them. The Book of What is in the Underworld ('the Egyptian Book of the Dead'), an important funerary text used in the New Kingdom, is believed to have reached its final form during Amenhotep's reign, since it first appears in the decoration of the tomb of his successor Thutmose I. His apparent death led to the reign of his younger brother Akhenaten and the intrigues of the century leading up to Ramesses II, the failure of Atenism, the Amarna letters, and the changing role of royal powers. Two references to the Levant potentially written during his reign might be contemporary witnesses to such a campaign. Manetho's Epitome states that Amenhotep I ruled Egypt for twenty years and seven months or twenty-one years, depending on the source. [39], Sometime during the 20th or 21st Dynasty, Amenhotep's original tomb was either robbed or deemed insecure and emptied and his body was moved for safety, probably more than once. Amenhotep I was the son of Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari. [12] The earliest name found there is that of Thutmose I, however Amenhotep was clearly an important figure to the city's workmen since he and his mother were both its patron deities. Though he was not the eldest, he inherited the throne because his older brother, Amenemhat, and his brother's mother, the chief queen of Egypt, both died. Nubia is a possibility, since Amenhotep did campaign there, and the western desert and the oases have also been suggested, since these seem to have fallen under Egyptian control once again. But did you know that He tried to change the traditional religion of Egypt but it seems that it didn’t work as, after his death, most of hi… Amenhotep III died in around 1354 BC and was buried in his huge tomb in the secluded western branch of the Valley of the Kings. [42] Amenhotep may have appointed Thutmose I as coregent before his own death as Thutmose I's name appears next to Amenhotep's on a divine barque found by archeologists in the fill of the third pylon at Karnak. This temple was sited at the north end of Deir el-Bahri. [18] The tomb biography of Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet says he also fought in a campaign in Kush,[19] however it is quite possible that it refers to the same campaign as Ahmose, son of Ebana. His elder brother, the crown prince Ahmose Sapair, preceded him in death, thus clearing the way for his ascension to the throne. "Portraiture,", Bryan, Betsy M. "The 18th Dynasty Before the Amarna Period.". His elder brothers, the crown prince Ahmose Sapair and Ahmose-ankh, died before him, thus clearing the way for his ascension to the throne. [20] Unfortunately, the location of Kehek is unknown. In the fifth year of his reign, the king changed his name from Amenhotep (“Amun is Pleased”) to Akhenaten, or “Servant of the Aten” thus formally declaring his new religion. He was a son of Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari, but had at least two elder brothers, Ahmose-ankh and Ahmose Sapair, and was not expected to inherit the throne. When did Tut die? He was the great Egyptian pharaoh for the 18th dynasty for 17 years and died in 1336 B.C. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [22] It is uncertain when they were fully retaken, but on one stele, the title "Prince-Governor of the oases" was used,[23] which means that Amenhotep's reign forms the terminus ante quem for the return of Egyptian rule.[22]. A Scientist C. An Egyptian king D. A historian . [12] During the first month, a festival was celebrated in honor of the appearance of Amenhotep to the necropolis workmen, which probably means his idol was taken to Deir el-Medina. One of the candidates for Amenhotep's tomb contains a reference to Qedmi, which is somewhere in Canaan or the Transjordan, and Amenemhet's tomb contains a hostile reference to Mitanni. [37], The original location of Amenhotep's tomb has not been securely identified. Later in Egyptian history, the seventh month, "Phamenoth", was named after this festival. His mummy had apparently not been looted by the 21st dynasty, and the priests who moved the mummy took care to keep the cartonnage intact. [46] The bulk of the rituals concern preparing for and conducting the daily offerings of libations for the idol, including a recitation of a ḥtp-dỉ-nsw formula, and purifying and sealing the shrine at the end of the day. The location of Amenhotep's tomb is not certain, and Amenemhet lived to serve under multiple kings who are known to have attacked Mitanni. [37] Amenhotep's mortuary temple was largely demolished to make way for the lower terrace of the mortuary temple constructed approximately 50 years later by Queen Hatshepsut,[38] and only a few bricks inscribed with Amenhotep's name remain. Amenhotep I, also called Amenophis I, king of ancient Egypt (reigned 1514–1493 bce), son of Ahmose I, the founder of the 18th dynasty (1539–1292 bce). Amenhotep II was born to Thutmose III and a minor wife of the king: Merytre-Hatshepsut.He was not, however, the firstborn son of this pharaoh; his elder brother Amenemhat, the son of the great king's chief wife Satiah, was originally the intended heir to the throne since Amenemhat was designated the 'king's eldest son" and overseer of the cattle of Amun in Year 24 of Thutmose's reign. In Amenhotep I's ninth regnal year, a heliacal rise of Sothis was observed on the ninth day of the third month of summer. A Geologist B. [44] He also had a number of feasts dedicated to him which were held throughout the year. 4. Few scholars now agree with the contention that Amenhotep III associated his son Amenhotep IV on the throne for several years of coregency; it is assumed here, in accordance with general scholarly consensus, that the older king died before his son gained power.At or shortly after the time of his accession, Amenhotep IV seems to have married the chief queen of his reign, Nefertiti. by Jimmy Dunn. Amenhotep took his sist… When did Tut die? From written sources it is known that he commissioned the architect Ineni to expand the Temple of Karnak. However, between Years 24 and 35 of Thutmose III, both queen Satiah and prince Amenemhat died, which prompted the pharao… He moved his capital from Thebes to a place now called Tell el-Amarna or Amarna, more than 200 miles (300 km) north, on a desert bay on the east side of the Nile River. 2. [12] He is thought to have had one son by Ahhotep II, Amenemhat, who died while still very young. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. A Son named Akhenaten, and Four Daughters names Sitamen, Henuttaneb, Nebetiah and Isis. A. However, it is by no means as simple as that. 1. Who was Tutankhamun? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. However, according to the Tombos Stela of his successor, Thutmose I, when Thutmose led a campaign into Asia all the way to the Euphrates, he found no one who fought against him. [43] However, the scholarly consensus is that there is too little evidence for either coregency. Amenhotep III, father of Amenhotep IV, was said to be the Pharaoh of Exodus. He was succeeded by his son Amenhotep IV, better known as Akhenaten. This is evidenced because both he and his mother are credited with opening a worker village at the site of Deir el-Medina. As far as is known Amenhotep did not build anything of significance in Lower Egypt, like his father. This explicitly states that he served under Amenhotep I for 21 years. When he started his reign, he was named as Amenhotep IV which means Amun is satisfied. He was the son of Amenhotep III … He was also called Amenophis and his name Amenhotep means Amun, one of the gods in Egypt. [12] Some of the questions asked of him have been preserved on ostraca from Deir el-Medina, and appear to have been phrased in such a way that the idol of the king could nod (or be caused to nod) the answer. [citation needed] However, Tomb ANB is considered the more likely possibility,[10][31] because it contains objects bearing his name and the names of some family members. Repeatedly, many rulers tried time and again to remove him from the throne. His reign is generally dated from 1526 to 1506 BC. [13] Amenhotep built a temple at Saï, showing that he had established Egyptian settlements almost as far as the Third Cataract. [23] Based upon his few authentic statues, it appears that Amenhotep continued the practice of copying Middle Kingdom styles. [27] Art in the early 18th dynasty was particularly similar to that of the early Middle Kingdom,[28] and the statues produced by Amenhotep I clearly copied those of Mentuhotep II and Senusret I. Because of that exquisite face mask, Amenhotep's is the only royal mummy which has not been unwrapped and examined by modern Egyptologists. Ahhotep II is usually called his wife and sister,[11] despite an alternative theory that she was his grandmother. Amenhotep II - Amenhotep II (sometimes called Amenophis II and meaning 'Amun is Satisfied') was the seventh Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. When he was old C. When he was in middle age D. When he was a child. [27], It was probably Amenhotep I who founded the artisans village at Deir el-Medina, whose inhabitants were responsible for much of the art which filled the tombs in the Theban Necropolis for the following generations of New Kingdom rulers and nobles. It is unclear if there was any blood relationship between the two, although it has been suggested that Thutmose I was a son of Amenhotep's elder brother Ahmose Sipairi. [13] Two tomb texts indicate that he led campaigns into Nubia. Under what circumstances, then, did Amenhotep II die? Amenhotep I is thought to have had only one child, a son who died in infancy, although some sources indicate he had no children. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [10] Amenhotep took his older sister, Ahmose-Meritamon, as his Great Royal Wife. Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaton, meaning "the Servant of Aten" early in his reign. Amenhotep I, king of ancient Egypt (reigned 1514–1493 bce), son of Ahmose I, the founder of the 18th dynasty (1539–1292 bce). The same word is used in Exodus 14:27, where we read, “So the Lord overthrew (in Hebrew, “naar”) the Egyptians in the midst of the sea.”. Amenhotep probably came to power while he was still young himself, and his mother appears to have been regent for him for at least a short time. Amenhotep also raided Libya, but no details of the operation are recorded. Amenhotep probably came to power while he was still young himself, and his mother, Ahmose-Nefertari, appears to have been regent for him for at least a short time. 62 Victor Loret, fresh from his discovery of the tomb of Thutmose III in the Valley of the Kings, discovered the royal tomb of Amenhotep II on 9 March 1898. This is evidenced because both he and his mother are credited with opening a worker village at the site of Deir el-Medina. a Updates? His mummy had apparently not been looted by the 21st dynasty, and the priests who moved the mummy took care to keep the Cartonnage intact. Amenhotep II, the seventh ruler of the New Kingdom of Egypt's 18th dynasty, was one of these heroes and rulers of legend. [23] However, most scholars consider that this is only evidence of Thutmose associating himself with his royal predecessor. Fortunately, his mummified corpse has been preserved. [21] Unfortunately for this theory, the Qeheq people only appeared in later times, and Kehek's identity remains unknown. Amenhotep IIA is the King whom should have died at the time of the Exodus and Amenhotep IIB was the king who served out the rest of his term as if he were that same king. [41] Akhenaton, often called Amenhotep I, was a famous pharaoh. Amenhotep I's body was found in the Deir el-Bahri Cache above the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut and is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. He was the 9 th pharaoh, the grandson of Thutmosis III. [10], A single reference in the tomb of Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet indicates another campaign in Iamu in the land of Kehek. After the examination of his mummy, archeologists including Grafton Elliot Smith concluded that he died in his forties or fifties and he suffered from arthritis before his death. When being worshiped, he had three deific manifestations: "Amenhotep of the Town," "Amenhotep Beloved of Amun," and "Amenhotep of the Forecourt," and was known as a god who produced oracles. [40]. [30], Amenhotep's reign saw literary developments. Biography >> Ancient Egypt. 1. Who was Tutankhamun? [26] Records from Amenhotep's reign are simply altogether too scant and too vague to reach a conclusion about any Syrian campaign. The Crown Prince Thutmose (or, more accurately, Djhutmose) was the eldest son of pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye, who lived during the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. Amenhotep probably came to power while he was still young himself, and his mother, Ahmose-Nefertari, appears to have been regent for him for at least a short time. His main achievement was abandoning traditional Egyptian polytheism. It was found in the Deir el-Bahri Cache, hidden with the mummies of numerous New Kingdom kings and nobles in or after the late 22nd dynasty above the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut[10] and was kept in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. He introduced worship centered on the Aten. It is possible that the king died after a long illness, which may explain his deep devotion to the lioness goddess Sekhmet; hundreds of granite statues of the goddess were found in the Theban area, and she was known for her great healing power. [45] The second, celebrated for four days at the very end of the month, was the "great festival of king Amenhotep lord of the town." [31], It appears that during Amenhotep I's reign the first water clock was invented. The biographies of two soldiers confirm Amenhotep’s wars in Nubia. [46] Three papyri from the time of Ramesses II record the liturgy used by the priests, and reliefs at Karnak and Medinet Habu illustrate select rites and spells.
Album Algérino 2020,
Billy Hutchinson Twitter,
Pique Du Croissant De Lune Genshin,
Millionaire Parfum Femme,
Wows Thunderer Captain Skills,
Staff Technique Instagram,
Progression Grammaire Seconde,
George 5 Vetement,
Projet Préhistoire Maternelle,
Céline Dion Fortune,
Marie Tudor Pdf,
Ntm La Der,
Sapi Golden Gate,