The key, Eliot said, was to elevate ordinary everyday details to a higher pitch – to bring out the quasi-transcendent qualities of modern life. He spent the year 1910–11 in France, attending Henri Bergson’s lectures in philosophy at the Sorbonne and reading poetry with Alain-Fournier. in 1909, after three instead of the usual four years. Eliot reading the first three stanzas of his poem “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” 1915. Charles Baudelaire and T.S. This scholarly supplement distracted some readers and critics from perceiving the true originality of the poem, which lay rather in its rendering of the universal human predicament of man desiring salvation, and in its manipulation of language, than in its range of literary references. In 1919 he published Poems, which contained the poem “Gerontion,” a meditative interior monologue in blank verse; nothing like this poem had appeared in English. Meanwhile, he was also a prolific reviewer and essayist in both literary criticism and technical philosophy. It represented a break with the immediate past as radical as that of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth in Lyrical Ballads (1798). Ash Wednesday was not well received in an era that held that poetry, though autonomous, is strictly secular in its outlook; it was misinterpreted by some critics as an expression of personal disillusion. I am wracked by the seven jealousies,’ Pound said to Eliot when the poem was finished. – reading it. Note: T. S. Eliot’s complete poems have now been published in two definitive scholarly editions edited by Christopher Ricks and Jim McCue: T. S. Eliot The Poems Volume One and T. S. Eliot The Poems Volume Two. Here at Interesting Literature we’re devoted fans of his work, and this got us thinking: which ten defining poems would we recommend to people who want to read him? Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Both poets turned to untraditional sources for inspiration: Pound to classical Chinese poetry and Eliot to the ironic poems of the 19th century French symbolist poet Jules Laforgue. For a year Eliot taught French and Latin at the Highgate School; in 1917 he began his brief career as a bank clerk in Lloyds Bank Ltd. From Babbitt he derived an anti-Romantic attitude that, amplified by his later reading of British philosophers F.H. American-English poet, playwright, and literary critic. Eliot attended Smith Academy, St. Louis, and Milton Academy, Massachusetts. This nine-line poem, probably begun in autumn 1914 shortly after the outbreak of WWI, describes the speaker’s impressions of the street outside as he peers from the window. He received a B.A. These book-essays, along with his Dante (1929), an indubitable masterpiece, broadened the base of literature into theology and philosophy: whether a work is poetry must be decided by literary standards; whether it is great poetry must be decided by standards higher than the literary. This is a list of books published as Penguin Classics.. His first important publication, and the first masterpiece of Modernism in English, was “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” (1915): Although Pound had printed privately a small book, A lume spento, as early as 1908, “Prufrock” was the first poem by either of these literary revolutionists to go beyond experiment to achieve perfection. Pingback: 10 Great Quotes from T. S. Eliot on His Birthday | Interesting Literature, Pingback: The Best Gerard Manley Hopkins Poems Everyone Should Read | Interesting Literature, Pingback: The Best Philip Larkin Poems Everyone Should Read | Interesting Literature, Pingback: The Interesting Life of T. S. Eliot | Interesting Literature, Pingback: The Advent Calendar of Literature: Day 3 | Interesting Literature. Hulme, lasted through his life. I am not Prince Hamlet …’). Eliot’s criticism and poetry are so interwoven that it is difficult to discuss them separately. Shortly before this his interests had broadened into theology and sociology; three short books, or long essays, were the result: Thoughts After Lambeth (1931), The Idea of a Christian Society (1939), and Notes Towards the Definition of Culture (1948). With the exception of number 9 on this list, which is from Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats, all poems are available in Collected Poems 1909-62. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Eliot’s second famous phrase appears here—“dissociation of sensibility,” invented to explain the change that came over English poetry after Donne and Andrew Marvell. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. ‘Little Gidding’ will always be up there for me along with ‘Ash Wednesday’. With the publication in 1922 of his poem The Waste Land, Eliot won an international reputation. ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‘. For more poetry suggestions, check out our pick of Gerard Manley Hopkins’s best poems, seven of Dylan Thomas’s greatest poems, and ten of the best Robert Burns poems. And, of course, every Eliot fan’s choice of ten is likely to different. We offer our analysis of it in a separate post. Prufrock talks of an ‘overwhelming question’ but does not state what this is (he tells us, or his unseen companion, not to ask ‘What is it?’, so we’re left to ponder what this ‘question’ might be – perhaps ‘popping the question’, i.e. Prufrock attends social events (almost certainly in New England, such as in the Massachusetts area which Eliot knew well from his time studying at Harvard), probably in the hopes of finding a woman he can court and then marry. History does not reside solely in the past, but in the present, at a place like Little Gidding where the traditions of seventeenth-century high Anglicanism are kept alive. So it is with ‘Little Gidding’ itself, in the last analysis: it is a poem about traditions in the present, and a present-day poem that absorbs past traditions. Here’s our founder, Dr Oliver Tearle of Loughborough University, discussing the poem in a short documentary. Beautiful presentation. Or, for a more detailed summary of Eliot’s life, see our interesting biography of T. S. Eliot. By 1916 he had finished a dissertation, but he never took the final oral examination for the Ph.D. degree. In a series of vignettes, loosely linked by the legend of the search for the Grail, it portrays a sterile world of panicky fears and barren lusts, and of human beings waiting for some sign or promise of redemption. I would have to say that The Four Quartets are his finest work. This is an unusual T. S. Eliot poem in that it is arch, ironic, and even absurdly comic. T.S. asking a woman to marry him). Pingback: Posts I loved this week | Taylor Grace. Editor of. Selected Poems from the French 19th century including poems by Victor Hugo, Gérard de Nerval, Alfred de Musset, Théophile Gautier, Leconte de Lisle, Stéphane Mallarmé, Paul Verlaine, Jules Laforgue and Guillaume Apollinaire. Image: St. Michael’s Church, East Coker, Somerset; © Oliver Tearle, 2014. In 1913 he read Bradley’s Appearance and Reality; by 1916 he had finished, in Europe, a dissertation entitled “Knowledge and Experience in the Philosophy of F.H. The first long poem after his conversion was Ash Wednesday (1930), a religious meditation in a style entirely different from that of any of the earlier poems. From 1911 to 1914 he was back at Harvard, reading Indian philosophy and studying Sanskrit. 3. For anyone who hasnt read it, I’d recommend some preparation time. The poem is strongly influenced by the French poets Eliot had been reading, notably Charles Baudelaire and Jules Laforgue. “Prufrock” is still my favorite. He exercised a strong influence on Anglo-American culture from the 1920s until late in the century. This point of view is “programmatic” in the sense that it disposes the reader to accept the revolutionary novelty of Eliot’s polyglot quotations and serious parodies of other poets’ styles in The Waste Land. Listen to Eliot reading the poem here. ‘Complimenti, you bitch. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This was the first of Eliot’s popular Christmas poems, which he composed for special booklets/greetings cards published by the company he worked for, Faber and Faber. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In this quartet of short Eliot poems there seems to be little escape from the everyday urban life of drudgery: you get up, you go to work, you come home, you sleep (or try to), you do it all again the next day. His experiments in diction, style, and versification revitalized English poetry, and in a series of critical essays he shattered old orthodoxies and erected new ones. This transformation was thanks largely to Eliot’s friend and fellow poet Ezra Pound, who helped to edit the poem (in thanks, Eliot dedicated it to him). The poet writing in English may therefore make his own tradition by using materials from any past period, in any language. This is the ultimate theme of The Waste Land, concretized by the poem’s constant rhetorical shifts and its juxtapositions of contrasting styles. In 1914 Eliot met and began a close association with the American poet Ezra Pound. The great essay on Dante appeared two years after Eliot was confirmed in the Church of England (1927); in that year he also became a British subject. The Waste Land expresses with great power the disenchantment, disillusionment, and disgust of the period after World War I. This page: A. We went through “Prufrock” and “The Four Quartets” in college and had to memorize one of the Quartets for a final. This is the second poem in the sequence, named after the small village in Somerset from which Eliot’s ancestors hailed. The Waste Land showed him to be, in addition, a metrist of great virtuosity, capable of astonishing modulations ranging from the sublime to the conversational. Thank you for posting. Poet and critic. Eliot was descended from a distinguished New England family that had relocated to St. Louis, Missouri. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. En 1970, le poète Léo Ferré fait référence au "spleen" dans son texte "la mémoire et la mer". The Theocratic Age "Since the literary canon is at issue here, I include only those religious, philosophical, historical, and scientific writings that are themselves of great aesthetic interest. Reblogged this on Life, the universe and poetry.. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. They include previously unpublished poems, are beautifully produced and scrupulously edited, and are must-haves for the diehard Eliot fan! Regents' Professor of English, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1966–68. Two other essays, first published the year after The Sacred Wood, almost complete the Eliot critical canon: “The Metaphysical Poets” and “Andrew Marvell,” published in Selected Essays, 1917–32 (1932). This and subsequent poems were written in a more relaxed, musical, and meditative style than his earlier works, in which the dramatic element had been stronger than the lyrical. Enter your email address to subscribe to this site and receive notifications of new posts by email. Symbolism, a loosely organized literary and artistic movement that originated with a group of French poets in the late 19th century, spread to painting and the theatre, and influenced the European and American literatures of the 20th century to varying degrees. Portail des communes de France : nos coups de coeur sur les routes de France. Tout simplement l’alabtros représente le poète, l’artiste qui alors qu’il n’est grâce et beauté lorsqu’il évolue dans son monde, devient gauche et mal à son aise lorsqu’il se retrouve dans le monde des humains ordinaires représenté par le pont du bateau et son équipage qui ne le … Bradley and T.E. Interesting Literature is a participant in the Amazon EU Associates Programme, an affiliate advertising programme designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by linking to Amazon.co.uk. Eliot exercised a strong influence on Anglo-American culture from the 1920s until late in the century. This is one of the Four Quartets, which some critics – including Helen Gardner (who features in our pick of the best books about Eliot’s poetry) – have branded Eliot’s masterpiece. Eliot, T.S. The first, or programmatic, phase of Eliot’s criticism ended with The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism (1933)—his Charles Eliot Norton lectures at Harvard.
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