Overall the Great Migration saw the relocation of six million African Americans between the years of 1916 to 1970. In 1934 though Sidney Cohen reopened the Theater with his partner Morris Sussman. The Apollo Theatre in Harlem, New York is the most famous performance venue associated with African American entertainers. Instead what happened was the people in charge drove the poor African American community away, and when that happened Harlem lost the culture that it had cultivated for the last 30-40 years. Overall, this night really helped return the Apollo Theater to its place on top of the mantle as one of the most important buildings in the city of New York and to the culture of America. The competition-style was also revolutionary. You can also catch the show on TV on BET’s Apollo Live. According to the BBC, it … Holden, Stephen. However, with $4 million worth of renovations done by Inner-City Broadcasting Corporation[9], the grand reopening was ready, and what a night it was. The shining lights of the Apollo sign are a beacon for tourists rushing through the 125th street in central Harlem. The new target market for Cohen and Sussman was African Americans who had moved into the Harlem neighborhood. [8] Holden, Stephen. This left all of the poorer individuals to stay, and the Apollo Theater could not generate revenue. An example can be Ella Fitzgerald who at the age of 15 won one of the first amateur nights and went on to be one of the most gifted jazz singers ever. His family needed food. Because of this, the crown jewel of Harlem in the Apollo Theater was abandoned. Instead of looking at it as the city on the go or the business capital of the world, the Apollo Theater forces us to look at this city as a city for entertainment. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Accessed April 1, 2020. https://www.apollotheater.org/amateur-night/an-history-legacy/. Une fois son bail achevé, en 1872, le bâtiment est converti en théâtre, qui ferme ses portes au tournant du siècle, mais le nom « Apollo Theater » demeure. “Exhibitions.” Black Capital: Harlem in the 1920s | The New York State Museum. [4]Bovsun, Mara. Required fields are marked *. The Apollo was again under new ownership in 1932; burlesque shows began to give way to musical revues, and the theatre’s new owners began to tailor shows to the area’s most recent residents. This Theater was designed to only show burlesque shows and actually, African Americans were not allowed to be patrons nor were they given the right to perform. The Apollo was the central theatre on Harlem’s main commercial street, and its position reflects its central role in Harlem’s culture. L’ Apollo Theater est une salle de spectacle mythique du quartier de Harlem. The Apollo Theater helps us view the city of New York under a different microscope. The famed Amateur Night at the Apollo continues on most Wednesdays at 7:30pm, March through October. Designed by New York architect George Keister, the building was leased by Jules Hurtig and Harry Seamon and opened as Hurtig and Seamon’s New (Burlesque) Theater. In a little over 20 years, the structure we know … 1 (Fall 2010): 98. doi:10.1353/jsh.2010.0003. Spotnitz, Frank. Presented by Apollo Theater Education, Harlem 2020, and GoodThin.gs, FootPrint – Design and Creativity in Sneaker Culture will celebrate the cultural, societal, and aesthetic impact of the sneaker through interactive storytelling, demonstrations, and conversations with leaders from the … "The Apollo" explores the Harlem institution's … Your email address will not be published. These Wednesday night shows became legendary, not only for the individuals and groups discovered there (including Lena Horne, Sam Cooke, the Orioles, Marvin Gaye, James Brown, and many others) but also for the highly sophisticated and critical audience that attended. Date of experience: June 2015. On the evening of November 21, 1934, a young and gangly would-be dancer took to the stage of Harlem’s Apollo Theater to participate in a harrowing tradition known as Amateur Night. The Apollo Theater is located in Harlem and is an institution - a music & dance center for African-American performers. James Brown’s visit in the fall of 1962 to the Apollo Theater was during the Cuban Missile Crisis. “Race, Class, and the Packaging of Harlem.” Identities 12 (3): 385–404. It was originally Hurtig and Seamon's New Burlesque Theatre, and African American admissions were not permitted. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Apollo Theater is a piece of heaven sent down to us and it sits on 125th Street in New York City. This Theater has continuously shown the magic that the performing arts have can have on us as humans. In 1983, the Apollo Theater received New York state and city landmark status. King, and Clyde McPhatter—recorded live albums at the theatre; these recordings document the Apollo’s trademark performer-audience dialogue. The Apollo Theater is a music hall located at 253 West 125th Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard (Seventh Avenue) and Frederick Douglass Boulevard (Eighth Avenue) in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. That is until Percy Sutton bought the Apollo Theater and equipped it with a television and recording studio. This building is a building that for 86 years has been bringing people and communities together, and not tearing them apart. “This Harlem Life: Black Families and Everyday Life in the 1920S and 1930S.” Journal of Social History 44, no. NYC's Apollo Theater in Harlem was born out of the successful war on burlesque, to become an icon in African-American culture & a springboard for music legends. “This Harlem Life: Black Families and Everyday Life in the 1920S and 1930S.” Journal of Social History 44, no. That is why it is such an important building today. Before the glowing lights of the Apollo Theater shined on the streets of Harlem's Commercial District, there stood a different venue in its place on west 125th street. 1994-1995 A tribute to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. launches the Apollo Theater Foundation’s first performance series. HARLEM, Manhattan — Harlem is changing but one thing stays the same, the Apollo Theater. According to Tripadvisor travelers, these are the best ways to experience Apollo Theater: Harlem Renaissance Multimedia Walking Tour (From $26.67) Boroughs Tour: Harlem, Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Coney Island (From $75.00) Big Bus New York Hop-On Hop-Off Open Top Tour (From $44.10) “Apollo Theater Celebrates Its Return.” New York Times, May 5, 1985. https://search.proquest.com/docview/111304676?accountid=13793. The Wall Street Journal recently produced this video profile of Amateur Night. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! This greater influx in African Americans was in part because of the Great Migration[5]. Entre fin 1865 et début 1866, une salle de bal, appelée Apollo Hall, est ouverte par un ancien général de la Guerre de Sécession, Edward Ferrero . Due to this ruling, the Hurtig and Seamon’s New Burlesque Theater was shut down for the foreseeable future. 1997 Tony Bennett plays the Apollo in a sold-out engagement honoring Billie Holiday. “Apollo Theater Celebrates Its Return.” New York Times, May 5, 1985. https://search.proquest.com/docview/111304676?accountid=13793. It was tough trying to narrow down the biggest most defining moments of the Theater, but here are some. Harlem est également réputé pour son histoire musicale. Not only were the demographics shifting in Harlem, but the Apollo Theater would soon find itself vacant. WRTI's Meridee Duddleston has more. But to understand the Apollo's past is to understand the struggles of Harlem itself. Corrections? 1 (Fall 2010): 98. doi:10.1353/jsh.2010.0003. doi:10.1080/10702890500203629. Apollo Theater, theatre established in 1913 at 253 West 125th Street in the Harlem district of New York City. According to Frank Spotnitz of the United Press International over 80 acts performed on this night[10]. Many officials and social scientists believed that there was a way to make another Harlem Renaissance and that was through mixed-income housing[6]. It orginally featured burlesque, however, the citiy's mayor at the time, Fiorello La Guardia, did not like burlesque, and campaigned about it. 2005. Many performers—including Brown, Moms Mabley, B.B. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Visit the Apollo Theater. In 1935 new owners came into the picture as Frank Schiffman and Leo Brecher. The shining lights of the Apollo sign are a beacon for tourists rushing through 125th street in central Harlem. This soul has helped bring many highlights to the famed Theater. He started Wednesday Amateur Hour at Sidney Cohen and Morris Sussman's 125th Street Apollo Theatre in 1934.Amateur Night in Harlem, Cooper's radio shows, were broadcasted live from the Apollo over WMCA.They carried on a "national network of 21 stations. It is a noted venue for African-American performers, and is the home of Showtime at the Apollo, a nationally syndicated television variety show which showcased new talent, from 1987 to 2008, encompassing 1,093 episodes; the show was rebooted in 2018. This way people of all different walks of life could come in and live in Harlem thus spreading new ideas and cultures to each other. L’ Apollo Theater est une salle de spectacle mythique du quartier de Harlem. However, demographics were shifting and from 1910 to 1930 the demographics changed in Harlem. The owner of the building was Sidney Cohen, he gave a thirty-year lease on the Theater to Benjamin Hurtig and Harry Seamon. Along with the new theme and name of the Theater was the new market that Cohen and Sussman wanted to target. Apollo Theater. Accessed April 1, 2020. https://www.apollotheater.org/amateur-night/an-history-legacy/. The management maintained a policy of alternating live stage shows with B movies (allegedly to clear the house). Before there was Star Search, American Idol and the Voice, there was and still the Apollo… Accessed April 26, 2020. http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/exhibitions/ongoing/black-capital-harlem-1920s-0.. “History & Legacy.” Apollo Theater. Accessed April 26, 2020. http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/exhibitions/ongoing/black-capital-harlem-1920s-0. The story of the Apollo Theater[1] starts in 1914 with the construction of the building on 125th Street in New York City. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-Theater. This night was a springboard for a lot of young talented artists. “James Brown Rocks Apollo; Washington Baltimore to Follow.” New Pittsburgh Courier, November 3, 1962. The next highlight of the Apollo Theater was in May of 1985 when the Apollo Theater celebrated its 50th year being open and grand reopening. The New York Theatre that became the Apollo was built in 1913 by Jules Hurtig and Harry Seamon, two burlesque theatre operators and opened as Hurtig and Seamon’s New Burlesque Theater. Smithsonian Primary Sources in U.S. History, Accessed 31 Mar. On hue ou ou applaudit pour décider qui gagne. “Apollo Theater Marquee.” Smithsonian Primary Sources in U.S. History, Gale, 1950. In 1930 there were over 200,000 African Americans living in Harlem[3]. This was because of Harlem in the ’70s becoming poor because many that could afford to move outdid. 1 Thank Ibadanboy . The Apollo Theater was constructed on 125th Street in Harlem, New York. Fox takes the reader all the way back to 1914 and discusses entertainment in Harlem, and New York City, in that bustling era when vaudeville was sill king to set the stage for the debut of the Apollo in 1934. It has been a significant venue for African American popular music. The Apollo Theater served as a stage for many African Americans and Latinos to display their talent to not just Harlem but the world. Harlem est un quartier du nord de l'arrondissement de Manhattan à New York, aux États-Unis.Il se situe entre le nord de la 96 e rue et Washington Heights.Toutefois, l'espace est officieusement délimité par la 110 e rue au sud et par la 155 e rue au nord. Accessed April 1, 2020. https://www.phillipscollection.org/migration_series/popups/popups22.htm. That year the long-standing weekly talent show called Amateur Night at the Apollo was born, and one of its early winners was the young Ella Fitzgerald. Il faut absolument visiter le célèbre théâtre Apollo Theater sur la 125th Street entre Frederic Douglas et la 7th Avenue. The Apollo Theater at 253 West 125th Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard and Frederick Douglass Boulevard in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City is a music hall which is a noted venue for African-American performers. Robertson, Stephen, Shane White, Stephen Garton, and Graham White. These two men once obtaining the lease called this new Theater the Hurtig and Seamon’s New Burlesque Theater. The popularity contest has proven an effective measure of star potential, becoming a launchpad for some of the nation’s greatest entertainers[7]” (“History & Legacy”). A&E Television Networks, March 4, 2010. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/great-migration. This Theater has changed hands many times in its history, but the everlasting effect of the Apollo Theater is its soul. 2020. The famed architect was already renowned for his work on the Astor Theatre, Belasco Theatre, and the Bronx Opera House. The Apollo Theater throughout its 106-year history has had many highlights. Burlesque Theaters were normally geared towards males and the Theaters would have stage entertainment; this entertainment would often have women performing in the nude. It has not only been a staple of the community of Harlem but the City of New York as a whole for many generations. From the late 1970s to the early 1980s the Theater was opened on and off. For example, the magically night of the grand reopening, the dazzling performances on amateur night, or the night in 1962 when James Brown imprinted his legacy on the stage. doi:10.1080/10702890500203629. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This quote shows the power that James Brown’s performance had; this performance was able to help Brown be considered one of the greatest acts ever to perform in the Apollo Theater. A famous theater has a storied history and an ambassador all its own. Apollo." Communists, Homo-Conservatives, and Secrecy: A Dive Into New York City’s Mattachine Society. May 5, 1985. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/05/Harlems-historic-Apollo-Theater-celebrated-its-50th-anniversary-with/6648484113600/. The first has to be the most influential moment of the Apollo Theater’s history and that is when it created its Amateur Night back in 1934. This event was also important for another reason and that was that the Apollo Theater was reopening for the first time since 1978. Today, the Apollo, which functions under the guidance of a Board of Directors, presents concerts, performing arts, education and community outreach programs. Prince, Sabiyha. The Apollo Theater had another big-time highlight in the fall of 1962 and that was James Brown visiting the Apollo Theater. Purchased by investors in 1981, the Apollo received landmark status in 1983, was renovated, and was reopened to the public in 1985. Omissions? The Apollo Theater would hold different kinds of performances like variety shows, stand up comedy, music, and talent in general. In addition to introducing a vast number of rising stars, the Apollo quickly became a vital stop for any Black entertainer, and virtually every major African American musical act performed there at least once—as did several white acts (notably Buddy Holly), who often were booked because they were assumed to be Black. The Phillips Collection. Ask Ibadanboy about Apollo Theater. Highly recommended! This just shows how influential these nights were too young up and coming talents who were trying to make it in the industry. Because of this, the crown jewel of Harlem in the Apollo Theater was abandoned. [7] “History & Legacy.” Apollo Theater. And, starting in the 1930s, it was also a place where Black American performers could gain exposure to a wide audience of their peers. The Apollo Theater, a legendary New York City venue that has hosted the likes of Billie Holiday, Aretha Franklin, Jimi Hendrix, Stevie Wonder and … In 1977 the shows were discontinued, and the theatre was operated (unsuccessfully) as a movie theatre. Un peu d’histoire. The Apollo Theater stands as one of the few buildings in this world that can connect millions of people to it to matter race, religion, or sexual orientation. 1993 Prince plays the Apollo in an exclusive VH1 Concert. Your email address will not be published. A&E Television Networks, March 4, 2010. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/great-migration. The event was hosted by Bill Cosby and included George Michael, Rod Stewart, and Joe Cocker performances. As a show of respect for its legacy, the building was left untouched during the riots of the 1960s. Inaugurée en 1913, elle est devenue, dans les années 1940, un symbole de la musique noire aux Etats-Unis. The Theater has played host to many artists such as Duke Ellington, Sammy Davis Jr., Jimi Hendrix, The Jackson Five, Ne-Yo, and many others. Chaque semaine, il y a une Amateur Night pour découvrir les nouveaux talents. The main reason for the lack of success that the Theater had during this time was because of the gentrification that was happening in Harlem during this time. “When Cops Raided NYC’s Minsky’s Burlesque for ‘Incorporated Filth’.” nydailynews.com. Fox’s work is a new, illustrated version of his 1983 book Showtime at the Apollo: The Story of Harlem’s World Famous Theater. In 1913, two burlesque theatre operators, named Jules Hurtig and Harry Seamon, purchased and constructed this building and opened the Hurtig and Seamon's New Burlesque Theatre. The 85-year history of the world-renowned Apollo Theater is the focus of a new HBO documentary. [2] “Exhibitions.” Black Capital: Harlem in the 1920s | The New York State Museum. The Apollo Theater quickly became the premiere showplace for live theatrical entertainment in Harlem, with comedians, dancers, and singers eager to perform there. This was an important event for the Theater because this Theater had become ingrained in American culture and was an important artifact in the history of the city of New York. Apollo New Works. “Race, Class, and the Packaging of Harlem.” Identities 12 (3): 385–404. He went to Harlem one hot summer day to borrow money from a relative. A la fin du XVIIIe et au début du XIXe siècle, ce quartier de New York était marqué par uncôté champêtre: de grandes familles détenaient des terres et Alexander Hamilton, un … Read more about the history and importance of the Apollo Theater via: The New Pittsburgh Courier was one of the media outlets covering the event and said, “His magnetic power at the Apollo, however, went beyond all expectations and he has been permanently enshrined among that Theater’s desirable attractions[11]” (James Brown Rocks Apollo; Washington Baltimore to Follow). For the calendar and to purchase tickets, click here. “Harlem’s Historic Apollo Theater Celebrated Its 50th Anniversary with…” United Press International . May 5, 1985. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/05/Harlems-historic-Apollo-Theater-celebrated-its-50th-anniversary-with/6648484113600/. As ApolloTheater.org writes “the quintessential talent competition, serving as the model for Star Search and American Idol… The show marries world-class talent with a distinctive, vaudeville-like atmosphere, and has depended on audience participation since the very beginning. This night showcased many individuals who were not famous but looking to become famous in the future. Schwab, Eric. This was when the world thought that on any given day the United States and Cuba were going to launch missiles at each other to signal the start of World War Three. The Apollo Theater without doubt is a place on which the rallying cry of different communities had been heard and received the support of the Theater. Apollo Theater. Bovsun, Mara. However, James Brown gave the people in Harlem that night that would become one of the many highlights of the Theater. His nickname is "Mr. Apollo Theater, theatre established in 1913 at 253 West 125th Street in the Harlem district of New York City.It has been a significant venue for African American popular music.. The Theater also helped show that talent could be found anywhere, especially in Harlem, New York. Lastly The Apollo in today’s date had become a place where education is ones of its primary focus. History.com Editors. Other performances follow including Alvin Ailey Dance Theater, Boys Choir of Harlem, and Betty Carter - Jazz Ahead. New York Daily News, April 7, 2018. https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/cops-raided-nyc-minsky-burlesque-incorporated-filth-article-1.2903311. When the Apollo opened its doors in 1913, according to the theater's website, it was originally designed by George Keister. [5] History.com Editors. IT WASN'T ALWAYS CALLED THE APOLLO THEATER. The venue that worked alongside nationalist to prove the worth of everyone not just a single race. Despite the ongoing gentrification of Harlem, the five-story, 1,506-seat theater at 253 West 125th Street, between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. and Frederick … Today it is a center for concerts, performing arts, education, and community outreach programs. “The Great Migration.” History.com. [3] Robertson, Stephen, Shane White, Stephen Garton, and Graham White. That is until Percy Sutton bought the Apollo Theater and equipped it with a television and recording studio. And in 1991 the Apollo Theater Foundation Inc. was founded to run the Apollo Theater to what it is today. 2005. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In 1983, the Apollo Theater received New York state and city landmark status. Including some of the greatest entertainers of the 20th century, the list of those was Stevie Wonder, Diana Ross, Smokey Robinson, Patti Labelle, and Little Richard. Meridee Duddleston: In the early 1960s, Billy Mitchell was a teenager living in the Bronx. Un peu d’histoire. Sussman would serve as manager of the now called Apollo Theater. https://www.apollotheater.org/about/history/, https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/cops-raided-nyc-minsky-burlesque-incorporated-filth-article-1.2903311, http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/exhibitions/ongoing/black-capital-harlem-1920s-0, https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/great-migration, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/05/Harlems-historic-Apollo-Theater-celebrated-its-50th-anniversary-with/6648484113600/, https://www.phillipscollection.org/migration_series/popups/popups22.htm. The district surrounding the building was opened up during the 1910s to African Americans making the Great Migration out of the South, and in the 1920s Harlem was transformed into a Black residential and commercial area. The Apollo Theater presents a full roster of concerts, stage shows and events. The reopening was recorded so it could play on NBC in a few weeks’ time. The landmark in New York City that is being focused on is the Apollo Theater. [6] Prince, Sabiyha. What will be discussed is the history of the Apollo Theater to what it is present day, the highlights of the Theater, what the primary sources can reveal about the Apollo Theater, and how the Apollo Theater has helped our learning of the city of New York and America as a whole for the time that it has been around. This visit came during an intense time in the United States. Accessed March 31, 2020.   https://www.apollotheater.org/about/history/. The African American population in Harlem rose over 40% in this time creating a new kind of audience for the Theater[2]. New York Daily News, April 7, 2018. https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/cops-raided-nyc-minsky-burlesque-incorporated-filth-article-1.2903311. As the latest initiative in the Apollo Theater’s ongoing expansion, Apollo New Works extends the Theater’s commitment to the articulation and projection of the African American and African diasporic narrative.This multi-disciplinary commissioning program is dedicated to the creation of a diverse, 21 st century American performing arts cannon. A year later the building was closed. The Apollo was the pinnacle of the “chitlin circuit” of venues—including the Regal Theater in Chicago and the Howard Theater in Washington, D.C.—that catered to African American audiences. “The Great Migration.” History.com. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Ralph Cooper started Harlem Amateur Hour in April 1933 at Frank Schiffman's Lafayette Theater. “When Cops Raided NYC’s Minsky’s Burlesque for ‘Incorporated Filth’.” nydailynews.com. Wonderful. La plupart des artistes Jazz ont débuté leur carrière Harlem. The building opened its doors to African Americans for the first time on January 26, 1934. Inaugurée en 1913, elle est devenue, dans les années 1940, un symbole de la musique noire aux Etats-Unis. La Guardia wanted to end the filth known as burlesque in the city, even saying “the word ‘burlesque’ could not be used in any theater advertising[4]” (Bovsun, Mara). The reason for this specific focus on the Apollo Theater is because of its rich history throughout the past 100 years or so. [10] Spotnitz, Frank. Accessed March 31, 2020. https://www.apollotheater.org/about/history/. To add to the fact that the Apollo Theater was this cultural icon Stephan Holden from the New York Times wrote: “the Theater often known as ‘the big top,’ gained an international reputation as a performance center for top black musicians[8]” (Stephan Holden).
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