Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Tenth Parliament. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirty-Eighth Parliament. We’re talking about discrete units of information. [30] He won the subsequent elections in 1940 and 1945, and retired in 1948. Prime Minister Tupper served the shortest term in Canadian history, only sixty-nine days, in this way. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – CAMPBELL, The Right Hon. 1926–1930[25] ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – MEIGHEN, The Right Hon. [9] Prime Ministers John Turner[10] and Kim Campbell[11] both served short terms for similar reasons. The Governor General appointed Meighen as prime minister, but Meighen's government fell after only four days in office, triggering a general election, which King won. [41] The office of prime minister was vacant for ten days from Macdonald's death on June 6, 1891, until the appointment of Sir John Abbott as prime minister on June 16, 1891. [49] He was succeeded by John Turner. Laurier refused, but a large number of Liberals joined Borden, who formed a Unionist government. Sir John Sparrow David Thompson, P.C., Q.C., K.C.M.G. : Ministry, Refs: References, This page was last edited on 24 March 2021, at 21:22. There have been 28 prime ministerial administrations but only 23 individuals (22 men and one woman) have served as prime minister, because four prime ministers served one or more non-consecutive terms. For the purposes of this table, when a prime minister takes office by succeeding to the party leadership, the time before and after the prime minister's first election is treated as one government. He took office after defeating Prime Minister Martin in the, Mulroney served for one term, winning two majority governments. Louis Stephen St-Laurent, P.C., Q.C., C.C. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Fifth Parliament. Table 1: Canada’s 23 Prime Ministers, Their Political Party, and Time in Office Prime Minister Party Time in Office Sir John A. Macdonald Liberal Conservative Party 1867-1873, 1878-1891 Prime minister vs president: what's the difference? The caucus accepted that recommendation and Meighen became party leader and prime minister. Trudeau resumed the leadership of the Liberal Party and defeated Prime Minister Clark in the 1980 election. Thompson served one term of just over two years. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. He took office after defeating Prime Minister Tupper in the, Chrétien served for one term, winning three majority governments. Sir John Sparrow David, P.C., K.C.M.G., Q.C. The prime ministerial term is not tied directly to the term of the House of Commons, which the Constitution sets as a maximum of five years from the most recent general election. Since that was a confidence matter, Clark was forced to call an election. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – LAURIER, The Right Hon. Prime Minister Bowell resigned after a cabinet revolt over his handling of the Manitoba Schools Question. Stephen Harper/Flickr. [1], The office is not outlined in any of the documents that constitute the written portion of the Constitution of Canada; executive authority is formally vested in the sovereign and exercised on their behalf by the governor general. United Church of Canada: August 7, 1930 – October 23, 1935: Was a Methodist before that … After consulting with the individual members of caucus, he recommended that Meighen be the new party leader. John George, C.H., P.C., Q.C., B.A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.C., F.R.S.A., D.Litt., D.S.L. All Canadian prime ministers have spoken either French or English, some both, but only a few were fluently bilingual, and few have spoken any other language. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Minority governments generally last for a shorter period. Top row, left to right. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Hon. The prime ministership is part of Canada's constitutional convention tradition. All prime ministers have had one of English or French as their mother tongue with the possible exceptions of Sir John A. Macdonald and Alexander Mackenzie , who may have spoken Scottish Gaelic or Lowland Scots as their first language. He stayed on as party leader and became Leader of the Opposition. [32], 1878-10-17 to 1891-06-06[4] The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirty-Sixth Parliament. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirty-Fourth Parliament. When a general election is called, the current prime minister stays in office during the election campaign. [3] A prime minister who is selected by the governing party to replace an outgoing prime minister may also serve a short term, if the new prime minister is defeated at the general election. Sir John Alexander Macdonald: Born 1/10/1815, Glasgow, Scotland. The prime minister's term begins upon appointment by the Governor General of Canada, usually after winning a general election, but sometimes after succeeding an outgoing prime minister of the same party. Meighen served two short non-consecutive terms, in 1920-1921 and 1926. Tupper, with the support of the Cabinet, was appointed prime minister by the Governor General, the Earl of Aberdeen. [27] Meighen lost the 1926 election to King and again was defeated in his own riding. Beginner’s Guide To Memorizing Any List . Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirty-Fifth Parliament. [4] Two prime ministers have died in office: Sir John A. Macdonald (1867–1873, 1878–1891), and John Thompson (1892–1894). Allan J. MacEachen, "Behind the Fall of Joe Clark". 1878–1882[35] List of Prime Ministers of Canada by time in office, List of prime ministers of Australia by time in office, List of prime ministers of New Zealand by age, List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by length of tenure. 1997–2000[60] 2001–2003[61], First term: Borden was elected in the 1911 general election, defeating Prime Minister Laurier and forming a majority government. His government fluctuated between majority and minority over the course of four years, due to by-elections and political developments. All others have resigned, either after losing an election or upon retirement. Arthur Meighen (1920), Louis St. Laurent (1948), Pierre Trudeau (1968),[18] John Turner (1984), Kim Campbell (1993) and Paul Martin (2003) all succeeded to the office in this way. Abbott served one short term of just over a year. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirty-Second Parliament. Following Macdonald's death in the spring of 1891, Abbott was appointed prime minister by the Governor General. [29], Third term: King began his third and longest term when he won the election of 1935, defeating Prime Minister Bennett and winning a majority government. The list starts with Confederation on July 1, 1867, and the first prime minister, Sir John A. Macdonald. Prime Ministers of Canada This page provides general details on Canada's prime ministers since 1867. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Fourteenth Parliament. The first day of a prime minister's term is counted in the total, but the last day is not. Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, P.C., Q.C., C.C., O.M. Arthur Meighen, P.C., Q.C. Charles Joseph, P.C., C.C., A.O.E., B.A., M.A., LL.D. 1900–1904[53] Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. [3] The Interpretation Act of 1967 states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day". The living former prime ministers… He remained in office for two more elections, but was defeated by Joe Clark in the 1979 election. Here is an alphabetical list of links to current Government of Canada Departments, Agencies, Crown Corporations, Special Operating Agencies and other related organizations. [28] His second term lasted until 1930, when he was defeated by R.B. 1882–1887[36] Sir John Alexander, P.C., G.C.B., Q.C., D.C.L., LL.D. Some sources, including the Parliament of Canada, apply this convention as far back as 1917. Authors Bruce Hutchison and Gordon Donaldson both supported the selection of Macdonald, prime minister from 1867 to 1873, and from 1878 to his death in 1891. After King announced his retirement in 1948, St. Laurent won the, Diefenbaker served for one term, with two minority governments and one majority government. [116] He governed for just over a year with a majority in the parliament elected under Borden's leadership in the 1917 election, then called the general election of 1921. After Thompson's sudden death in office in late 1894, Bowell was appointed prime minister by the Governor General, the Earl of Aberdeen. Justin, P.C., B.A., B.Ed", List of books about prime ministers of Canada, World Wars and Interwar Years (1914–1945), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada&oldid=1014042975, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, No. Macdonald served two non-consecutive terms: from July 1, 1867 to the fall of 1873 (two majority governments), and from 1878 until his death in 1891 (four majority governments). This is a chronologically ordered list of the prime ministers, from the earliest to the most recent. The date for which a prime minister begins their term has been determined by the date that he or she is sworn into their portfolio, as an oath of office as prime minister is not required. He took office after defeating Prime Minister Turner in the. [3] Before 1920, prime ministers' resignations were accepted immediately by the governor general and the last day of the ministries were the date he died or the date of resignation. Trudeau served two non-consecutive terms: from 1968 to 1979 (two majority governments and one minority government), and then from 1980 to 1984 (one majority government). Canada now has a crippling 1.2 trillion dollar debt, which we will never pay off. Sir Robert Laird, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., D.C.L., LL.D. The prime minister originates most of the bills sent to parliament and plays an important role in the leadership of The Canadian Armed Forces. In those cases, the time before and after the election is counted as one government for the purposes of this table. Library and Archives Canada: The Right Honourable A. Kim Campbell - Biography. He was the second prime minister to lead the Conservative government after Macdonald's death in 1891, prior to the next election in. Second term: Returned to power after defeating Prime Minister Mackenzie in the election of 1878, Macdonald won four successive majority governments. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – BORDEN, The Right Hon. His second government, elected in 1872, was cut short by the Pacific Scandal. Canadian prime ministers do not have a fixed term of office. Meighen resigned as prime minister, but remained as party leader. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Second Parliament. Stephen, P.C., B.A., M.A. By constitutional convention, a prime minister holds a seat in parliament and, since the early 20th century, this has more specifically meant the House of Commons. The Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, today issued the following statement on the passing of His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh: “It was with deep sadness that I learned of the passing of The Duke of Edinburgh. Normally, this is the leader of the party caucus with the greatest number of seats in the house. Spending more money than you earn is never a good thing, whether you're a middle class worker or a prime minister. [13] He stayed in office until 1984, when he announced his retirement after taking a walk in the snow. Sir John Alexander Macdonald, P.C., Q.C., G.C.B., K.C.B. A. Kim, P.C., C.C., Q.C., B.A., LL.B., LL.D. Sir John Alexander Macdonald (1867–73; 1st time) Alexander Mackenzie (1873–78) [3], .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}  Historical conservative parties/Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (12) [42][43], 1980-03-03 to 1984-06-29[18] Laurent. 1980–1984[46], First term: When Prime Minister Pearson retired, Trudeau won the Liberal leadership and became Prime Minister on April 20, 1968. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Third Parliament. William Lyon Mackenzie, P.C., O.M., C.M.G., B.A., M.A., A.M., LL.B., Ph.D.", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – BENNETT, The Right Hon. On 1 July 1867, the first ministry assumed office.[2]. Arthur, P.C., Q.C., B.A., LL.D. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – THOMPSON, The Right Hon. King served three non-consecutive terms: from 1921 to the spring of 1926 (one majority and one minority government); from the fall of 1926 to 1930 (minority government); and from 1935 to 1948 (two majority governments and one minority government). All of that time is included in the total "Time in office". Sir John A. Macdonald was commissioned by the Viscount Monck on 24 May 1867, to form the first government of the Canadian Confederation. List of Prime Ministers of Canada - WorldAtlas Sir Charles, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C.M.G., C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Eighteenth Parliament. [3] However, since 1957, the incoming prime minister has sworn an oath as prime minister. [31] He was succeeded by Louis St. A majority government normally lasts around four years, since general elections for Parliament are normally held every four years. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Contact Information – HARPER, The Right Hon. [3] After Abbott, three other individuals served in turn as prime minister until the next election in 1896. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Fourth Parliament. Sir John Joseph Caldwell, P.C., Q.C., K.C.M.G., B.C.L., D.C.L. He was appointed prime minister in the fall of 1873 by the Governor-General, the Earl of Dufferin, after Prime Minister Macdonald resigned over the Pacific Scandal. Library of Parliament: Overview of the Canadian Parliamentary System. The transition period and the date for the transfer of office are negotiated by the incoming and the outgoing prime ministers. He defeated Prime Minister Diefenbaker in the. Susan Munroe. In the case of Canada, the prime minister can serve until the monarch removes them, they resign, or die. 1940–1945[23], 1925–1926[24] [3] There have been no gaps in office since that transition, with the new prime minister taking office the day after the former prime minister leaves office. Richard Bedford Bennett, P.C., K.C., K.G.St.J. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Seventh Parliament. Canada - Canada - Prime ministers of Canada: The table provides a chronological list of the prime ministers of Canada. For information on earlier leaders of Canada before the country had full democratic self-government see the chart of colonial rulers of Canada. [78] He was formally re-appointed as prime minister under the new government. Minister for Women and Gender Equality and Rural Economic Development The Honourable Carla Qualtrough Minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Disability Inclusion Sir Charles Tupper, P.C., K.C.M.G., G.C.M.G., C.B. He won a minority government in the 1925 election, but that government was cut short by the King-Byng Affair. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Hon. Joe Clark served one short term in a minority government. We've listed the key differences between the two, and included a chart for quick reference. When it became apparent that he had lost the confidence of the Commons in the fall of 1873, Macdonald resigned as prime minister, remaining party leader and becoming Leader of the Opposition. [3] Thus, although the outgoing prime minister formally resigns only hours before the incoming ministry swears their oaths, both during the day, the ministries are effectively changed at midnight the night before. Click on each prime minister below to read a short biography. He had come in third in the 1968 Liberal leadership convention, Tupper served the shortest term of any Canadian prime minister, only 69 days. [40] Mackenzie then called the general election of 1874, which he won. All have faces of Prime Ministers except $20 bill . 1872–1873[34] It includes all prime ministers since then, up to the current prime minister, Justin Trudeau, the twenty-third person to hold the office, since November 4, 2015. (3 years, 315 days), 1935-10-23 to 1948-11-14[20] If the prime minister's party wins the election, the prime minister remains in office without being sworn in again; the prime minister's tenure of office is continuous. Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, P.C., C.C. [117][116], Second term: Meighen served a second term of just under three months in 1926. The new prime minister may continue to govern in the parliament called by the previous prime minister, but normally calls an election within a few months. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Eleventh Parliament. Updated July 03, 2019. Instead, they can stay in office as long as their government has the confidence of a majority in the House of Commons of Canada under the system of responsible government. Tupper was the fourth and last prime minister to lead the Conservative government after Macdonald's death in 1891. Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, P.C., Q.C., K.C.M.G. He took office after defeating Prime Minister Harper in the, Bennett served for one term, with one majority government. 1st. [77], Second term: During the Conscription Crisis in World War I, Borden, a Conservative, approached Laurier and the Liberals to form a coalition war-time government. Steve Paikin, "They still gather to honour John Turner". The prime minister of Canada is an official who serves as the primary minister of the Crown, chair of the Cabinet, and thus head of government of Canada. First term: The Governor-General, Viscount Monck, appointed Macdonald the first prime minister of Canada on July 1, 1867[39] prior to the first general election, which Macdonald won. [74] Borden stayed in office after the end of the war, resigning in 1920. The Governor General refused King's request for a dissolution of Parliament and King resigned as prime minister. Hutchison, author of Mr. Prime Minister, a biographical compilation of Canadian prime ministers, chose Macdonald because: Bibi worked as a farmhand, and the charge grew out of dispute when her fellow farmhands objected to her drinking from a common water supply, because she was Christian and they were Muslim. $5 Canadian Dollars - Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister . He had lost his own seat, but was elected in a by-election and returned to Parliament in January 1922. The office was modelled after that which existed in Britain at the time. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirtieth Parliament. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – TRUDEAU, The Right Hon. A prime minister stays in office until they resign, die or are dismissed by the Governor General. (12 years, 232 days), 1867–1872[33] Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Forty-Second Parliament, Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Forty-Third Parliament.   Liberal Party of Canada (10) Martin Brian, P.C., C.C., G.O.Q., B.A., LL.L. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Seventh Parliament. Charles Joseph Clark, P.C., C.C., A.O.E.   Conservative Party of Canada (1), 1926-09-25 to 1930-08-06[20] Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. 1908–1911[55], 1993–1997[59] Bennett in the 1930 general election and resigned as prime minister. 6. Charlotte Montgomery and Thomas Walkom, "Pierre Trudeau steps down - New leader likely by end of June". Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Sixteenth Parliament. 1974–1979[45] In the 1925 election, Meighen and the Conservatives won more seats than King and the Liberals, but did not win a majority. Martin Brian Mulroney, P.C., C.C., G.O.Q. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Fifth Parliament. Mackenzie served one term, over two parliaments. Reference ... Additionally, the term for this position varies based on the government. 1945–1948[26], First term: King began his first term after winning a narrow majority government in the election of 1921, defeating Prime Minister Meighen. "Liberals lose confidence of the House", CBC, November 28, 2005. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-First Parliament. After Brian Mulroney announced his resignation, Campbell won the leadership of the Progressive Conservative party. 1935–1940[22] [2] Under this system, Prime Minister Mackenzie King was Canada's longest-serving prime minister, holding office in three non-consecutive terms for a total of twenty-one years and one hundred fifty-four days.[3]. He led the Conservatives into the, This page was last edited on 23 February 2021, at 05:50. [3] The longest gap, ten days, was upon the death of Macdonald on June 6, 1891. In 2007, Parliament passed a statute to provide for fixed election dates every four years, but the statute does not affect the Governor General's discretionary power to dissolve Parliament: Jim Sheppard and Matt Lundy, "Trudeau wins majority, Harper steps down,". Prime Minister Party; 1867?1873 : Sir John A. Macdonald : Conservative: 1873?1878 : Alexander Mackenzie : Liberal: 1878?1891 : Sir John A. Macdonald : Conservative: 1891?1892 : Sir John J. C. Abbott : Conservative: 1892?1894 : Sir John S. D. Thompson: Conservative: 1894?1896 : Sir Mackenzie Bowell : Conservative: 1896 : Sir Charles Tupper: Conservative: 1896?1911 : Sir Wilfrid Laurier : Liberal Governor General Byng then appointed Meighen as Prime Minister, but Meighen's government fell within four days, defeated in Parliament. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – KING, The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Thirty-First Parliament. On six occasions from the twentieth century, a prime minister has retired and the governing party has selected a new party leader, who automatically became prime minister. Canadian prime ministers do not have a fixed term of office. The most recent former prime minister to die was John Turner (1929–2020; served in 1984) on 19 September 2020. Of the other prime ministers who served short terms, Arthur Meighen,[12] Joe Clark,[13] and Paul Martin[14] had their time in office cut short by the collapse of their minority governments and the subsequent election of the opposition party. [13], Second term: In the first session of the new parliament it became clear that Clark's government was quickly losing popular support. CPAC: 1993 Progressive Conservative Leadership Convention. Library of Parliaent - Parlinfo: Twentieth Parliament. 1887–1891[37] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada_by_time_in_office&oldid=1008416926, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Sir Mackenzie, P.C., K.C.M.G. 1891[38]. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – BOWELL, The Hon. For more information on an individual prime minister, including their electoral history and parliamentary roles, click on their name to view their complete profile. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – TURNER, The Right Hon. Prime Ministers John Turner (1984) and Kim Campbell (1993) both assumed power in the latter stages of a government’s term only to lose the ensuing election. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. [3] Since 1920, the outgoing prime minister has only formally resigned when the new government is ready to be formed. (4 years, 119 days), 1968–1972[44] Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Bowell served one short term of just over a year. [27], Second term: King began his second term when he won a minority government in the 1926 election. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Twenty-Eighth Parliament. In office for just nine months, Clark's term was the shortest for a prime minister who won an election. The Governor-General, the Earl of Dufferin, appointed Alexander Mackenzie as prime minister. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: Ninth Parliament. Lester Bowles, P.C., C.C., O.M., O.B.E., B.A., M.A., LL.D. Arthur Meighen’s second term as prime minister in 1926 lasted only three months before he lost to William Lyon Mackenzie King, the country’s longest serving prime minister. ", "PARLINFO – Parliamentarian File – Federal Experience – CLARK, The Right Hon. Turner served one short term as prime minister. Library of Parliament - Parlinfo: The Right Hon. Steven Guilbeault becomes minister of Canadian heritage; Patty Hajdu becomes minister of health; Ahmed Hussen becomes minister of families, children and social development He became prime minister in December, 2003, as the result of a successful challenge to the leadership of Prime Minister Chrétien.
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