A lexandra Park in north Belfast is a gently sloping expanse of green that looks, at first glance, like any other small, well-tended public park in any other British city. Reproduction requires permission. Once serving as peace-keeping measures, they are now, in a post-Good Friday Agreement Northern Ireland, popular tourist locations. However, the maps do not take account of the complicated geography of roads and paths that cross the interface at either end of the barrier wall. Press Eye - Belfast - Northern Ireland - 7th April 2021 General view of Nationalist youths clashing with Loyalists at the Lanark Way peaceline on the Springfield Road in west Belfast this evening. Interactive Map of clusters of Belfast Peacelines. Belfast: Colourpoint. Reproduction requires permission. Permanent walls were built to separate Catholic and Protestant districts of Belfast in the 1970s, and the city is still scarred by almost 100 of them. The Maps are discussed below in alphabetical order. Costruiti nel 1969 in seguito allo scoppio dei cosiddetti Troubles, la fase più recente del conflitto nordirlandese, attualmente raggiungono i 15 chilometri di lunghezza. Table based on Sutton's 'Index of Deaths' (1969-2001); Belfast Interface Project; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) The maps have been reproduced and made available with the permission of Land & Property Services under Delegated Authority from the Controller of HMSO, © Crown Copyright and database right 2010; Permit Number: 40209. 3.1.1 Reference code(s)              UK INT-ARC PA2015 CL00-MA0123.1.2 Title                                         Peacelines, deprivation and segregation densities of fatal violence in Belfast3.1.3 Location                                  Belfast City Centre and Environs3.1.4 Owner                                     Map produced by Cunningham & Gregory for:Hard to miss, easy to blame? So rather than a detailed statistical analysis of the full set of data the researchers settled for a tentative exploration of the information for the seven peacelines above. The "peace line" between Falls Road and Shankill Road doesn't just start in 1969 but it's modern embodiment 50 years on, remains. Data is mapped at electoral ward level and is based on the 2001 Northern Ireland Census survey results. Download Citation | On Apr 1, 2009, Emily Ravenscroft published The Meaning of the Peacelines of Belfast | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Reproduction requires permission. Use the map below to find your way about Belfast and see where the peace lines are. In this case the main decision was the extent of the area around a peaceline to include in the mapping. (1969) Territoriality on the Shankill–Falls Divide, Belfast. Juni 2017). Februar 2002). Fig. One additional point had to be considered and that was the ‘background’ level of violence. 3.1.1 Reference code(s)              UK INT-ARC PA2015 CL00-MA0053.1.2 Title                                         Map of Religious Distribution in Belfast3.1.3 Location                                  Belfast City Centre and Environs3.1.4 Owner                                     Sourced from IrelandStory.com Website3.1.5 Year                      19913.1.6 Type                                       Map of Religious Distribution in Belfast, mapped from Census Information, 19913.2.1 Date of description              20173.2.2 Level of description            Items3.2.3 Extent and Medium            Digital Image - 2144 × 1424 pixels JPEG Image3.2.4 Name of creator(s)             © IrelandStory.com3.2.5 Archival History                  Archived on May 25, 20173.4.1 Conditions of access         No restrictions on access. Reproduction requires permission. The two maps for Alliance Avenue show a decline from five deaths before the peaceline to two deaths after within the 500 metre buffer zone. Again this decline in deaths following the construction of the peaceline can only be regarded as indicative of a possible influence of the presence of the wall. Als Friedenslinien oder Friedensmauern (englisch: Peace lines oder Peace walls) werden Barrieren bezeichnet, die in nordirischen Städten, insbesondere in der Hauptstadt Belfast, die Wohngebiete pro-irischer Republikaner und pro-britischer Unionisten trennen. 3.1.5 Year 2015 3.1.6 Type Map of extent of Belfast Peacelines in relation to City Centre and River Lagan, mapped in 2015 This set of three maps, illustrates the distribution of the Catholic population (and thus also the Protestant population) in Belfast, Derry and Northern Ireland as a whole. 1 JSON; Department of Health trust boundaries. These maps give a spatial overview of this violence and consider its relationship with other factors such as religious community background, levels of deprivation, proximity to peacelines and physical interfaces. The number of deaths within the buffer zone for the Workman Avenue Gate remains constant at two deaths before and after the construction of the peaceline. Again this decline in deaths in the buffer zone around the peaceline would probably merit further research. Unfortunately one immediate problem arose with the information on the 22 peacelines constructed in Northern Ireland (16 of which were erected in Belfast); the Northern Ireland Office (NIO) had accurate records in terms of the year of construction for only seven of the peacelines. Reproduction requires permission. Using the GIS software, a 250 metre and a 500 metre ‘buffer zone’ was drawn around each peaceline. The maps for the Townsend Street Gate show a decline in deaths from six to two. 3.1.1 Reference code(s)              UK INT-ARC PA2015 CL00-MA0143.1.2 Title                                         Belfast Peacelines3.1.3 Location                                  Falls - Shankill, Belfast3.1.4 Owner                                     Map drawn by James O'Leary in 2015, based on map produced for: Cosstick, V. (2015). The two maps for Squires Hill probably show that other factors, notably the first IRA ceasefire in 1994, were more likely to have been responsible for the decline in deaths from four to one in the immediate vicinity of the peaceline which was constructed in 1993. Borders and Barriers-The Belfast Peace Lines. (1971) ‘FUTURE POLICY ON AREAS OF CONFRONTATION’ Second (and final) Report of the Joint Working Party on Processions, etc, Appendix B (i),  (1971 PRONI:CAB/1634/3)3.1.5 Year                      19713.1.6 Type                                       Map of first Belfast Peaceline in 19713.2.1 Date of description              20173.2.2 Level of description            Items3.2.3 Extent and Medium            Digital Image - 2144 × 1424 pixels JPEG Image3.2.4 Name of creator(s)             © PRONI3.2.5 Archival History                  Archived on May 25, 20173.4.1 Conditions of access         No restrictions on access. Table compiled by Luke Kelleher, then a Research Associate with CAIN. The fact that there still remain 99 walls, or Peace Lines in Belfast, separating Catholic areas from Protestant and that some of the gates between the areas are closed from 6pm to 6am in Belfast. The peacelines shapefile was downloaded from the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. At the root of the conflict was the question of whether Northern Ireland should reunite with the rest of Ireland — or whether it should Le Peace Lines sono una serie di muri di separazione situati in Irlanda del Nord, soprattutto nella città di Belfast e di Derry. 3.1.1 Reference code(s)              UK INT-ARC PA2015 CL00-MA0043.1.2 Title                                         Map of Falls - Shankill Peaceline in 19713.1.3 Location                                  Falls / Shankill Interface, Belfast3.1.4 Owner                                     Sourced from Taylor, J. This gives a span of seven years for each peaceline during which time a general background decline in the level of violence could have an impact on an area regardless of the presence or absence of a peaceline. All maps were sized A4 (approximately). There are a total of 5 Health and Social Care Trusts (HSCT) in Northern Ireland; Belfast, Northern, Southern, South Eastern and Western. 3.1.1 Reference code(s)              UK INT-ARC PA2015 CL00-MA0133.1.2 Title                                         Falls - Shankill Peaceline in Belfast3.1.3 Location                                  Falls - Shankill, Belfast3.1.4 Owner                                     Map produced by James O'Leary during field research in 2015, against an aerial photography courtesy of Google Maps.3.1.5 Year                      20153.1.6 Type                                       Map of extent of Falls - Shankill Peaceline, mapped in 20153.2.1 Date of description              20173.2.2 Level of description            Items3.2.3 Extent and Medium            Digital Image - 2144 × 1424 pixels JPEG Image3.2.4 Name of creator(s)             © James O'Leary / Interface Architecture3.2.5 Archival History                  Archived on May 25, 20173.4.1 Conditions of access         No restrictions on access. It is clear from the two maps that there are many fewer deaths across the total area enclosed by the full maps. Roden Street September 2017 ; Paul Brown (4. 3.1.1 Reference code(s)              UK INT-ARC PA2015 CL00-MA0113.1.2 Title                                         Spatial Intensity of death locations in Belfast area (1969-2001)3.1.3 Location                                  Belfast City Centre and Environs3.1.4 Owner                                     Map produced by CAIN Webservice3.1.5 Year                      20103.1.6 Type                                       Map of spatial intensity of death locations in Belfast area (1969-2001) and Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure score (2005) at ward level.3.2.1 Date of description              20173.2.2 Level of description            Items3.2.3 Extent and Medium            Digital Image - 2144 × 1424 pixels JPEG Image3.2.4 Name of creator(s)             © CAIN @Ulster University3.2.5 Archival History                  Archived on May 25, 20173.4.1 Conditions of access         No restrictions on access. The availability of map X/Y co-ordinates for Sutton’s Index of Deaths provided an opportunity to carry out a first tentative appraisal of some of the information. (http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census/Census2001Output/ For example, a gate in a peaceline that runs through Alexandra Park in north Belfast was opened in September 2011 during daylight hours for a trial period of three months (BBC NIWeb site, 16 September 2011). Belfast people are very kind to everyone. These distances were selected to reflect the possible extent of the range of influence of the peaceline. It is true that there are many organisations which would like to see the peacelines removed. A 'peace line' has been in place in Belfast … The second file plotted the locations of deaths which occurred in the three years after the year of erection of the peaceline. Of these 26 were in Belfast, mainly in the west and north of the city. The photos you provided may be used to improve Bing image processing services. The two maps offer tentative indications of a peaceline having an impact on the number of deaths within its immediate shadow. Belfast Hop-on Hop-off Tours (From $21.06) Official World Famous Belfast Taxi Tour (From $55.41) Belfast Murals Taxi Tour (From $37.45) Belfast Original Drivers from The Troubles Black Taxi Tour (From $76.48) Political Taxi Tour Belfast (1-7 People) (From $84.25) … Grenzflächenbarrieren, Peacelines und defensive Architektur , ISBN 978-0-9548819-5-5 , Belfast 2017. The plan was to look at deaths over a three-year period prior to the construction of the peaceline, to ignore the year of construction, and to look at deaths for three years after the peaceline was completed. We were taking a black cab tour of Belfast to see some of the Peace Walls or Peace Lines put up to separate the Catholic and Protestant communities during the Troubles, stopping off at some of the murals that mark infamous historic events. The peace walls in Belfast, also known as peace lines, are a series of separation barriers. There have been some recent attempts at small initiatives. Reproduction requires permission. Der Wächter . This set of maps plots the location of seven 'peacelines' in Belfast and examines the location and number of deaths in the three years prior to, and the three years following, their construction. PDF versions (A4 approx; 300dpi) are based on original TIFF files. Il s’agit d’une étude c ; 23 Foucher M., L’Obsession des frontières, Paris, Perrin, 2007, p. 126. According to the Belfast Interface Project (BIP), it took the form of "a steel palisade fence, 2.4m high and several hundred metres in length,[that] surrounds a triangular area of open land". Due to an absence of information on the precise timing for when the peaceline was built, it was decided to omit deaths during the year of erection from the analysis. "Frieden, aber keine Liebe, da die Kluft in Nordirland immer größer wird" . Three versions of each map have been made available above: As in the case of other maps the drawing of the maps involved a number of decisions which can impact on the the results. As the three-year period after the construction of the peaceline covers the years 1995-1997 this corresponds to the decline in deaths following the first IRA ceasefire. I have put together this map … However, those families who live either side of the sectarian interfaces are not yet demanding in great numbers that they should be removed. However, whenever researchers approached the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) to obtain the shapefiles for the peacelines in Belfast, they were told there were 22 peacelines in Northern Ireland. 3.1.1 Reference code(s)              UK INT-ARC PA2015 CL00-MA0093.1.2 Title                                         Deaths due to the conflict prior and after the establishment of the Lanark Way Peaceline in Belfast in 19883.1.3 Location                                  Belfast City Centre and Environs3.1.4 Owner                                     Map produced by CAIN Webservice3.1.5 Year                      20013.1.6 Type                                       Map of deaths to the conflict, in two three-year periods prior to (1985-1987) and after (1989-1991) the establishment of the Lanark Way Peaceline (in 1988) in Belfast, and distribution of Catholics of adjoining wards in Belfast (2001).3.2.1 Date of description              20173.2.2 Level of description            Items3.2.3 Extent and Medium            Digital Image - 2144 × 1424 pixels JPEG Image3.2.4 Name of creator(s)             © CAIN @Ulster University3.2.5 Archival History                  Archived on May 25, 20173.4.1 Conditions of access         No restrictions on access. It was therefore decided to conduct a tentative analysis of deaths close to these seven barriers. 3.1.5 Year                      Analysis conducted in 1968, Published in 19693.1.6 Type                                       Map of Spending Behaviour at Cupar, Belfast, 19683.2.1 Date of description              20173.2.2 Level of description            Items3.2.3 Extent and Medium            Digital Image - 2144 × 1424 pixels JPEG Image3.2.4 Name of creator(s)             © F.Boal3.2.5 Archival History                  Archived on May 25, 20173.4.1 Conditions of access         No restrictions on access. The electoral ward shapefile was downloaded from EDINA borders website. The overall decline in deaths was from seven to two. There appears to be some disagreement on the number. The next basic question was when were the peacelines built? Ethnic Interfaces/Peace Lines. 6 is a map of peacelines that were in situ in 2001, overlaid with various radials indicating a number of specified distances from each barrier. As the peacelines were all in urban areas it was decided to look at two 'buffer' areas that were 250 metres and 500 metres around each peaceline. Those with responsibility for the peacelines were only able to provide specific dates of construction for seven of the walls out of the 22 for which shapefiles were available. The number of deaths from the conflict reached a peak in the years 1971 to 1976, dropped to a plateau between 1977 and 1994, before dropping again to lower levels between 1995 and 2001 (the end of Sutton’s records).
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