NA if not observed. Rapid chilling (ice/water bath) to 2°-4°COnly for zebrafish or small tropical/subtropical fish smaller than 3.8 cm in length. Consult an RAR veterinarian regarding specific agents. Rabbits may die without showing any symptoms at all. Sodium pentobarbital ≥100 mg/kg IP or IV. Stress should be as minimal as possible considering the nature of rabbits. Dosing is the same for the commercial product Fatal-Plus®. Acceptable Methods of … Multiple pharmaceutical grade products available. Dosing is the same for the commercial product Fatal-Plus®. Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222)Immersion; 3 g/liter water bath (Buffered to pH 7.0-7.5 with sodium bicarbonate). Administered rapidly to effect. Euthanasia solution ≥86 mg/kg IP or IV. Important steps must be taken to ensure anesthesia is done properly and safely leading to a successful outcome. 5.5.4. STANDARDIZED PROTOCOL FOR PRODUCTION OF POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN RABBITS . Chemical euthanasia with an overdose of intravenous pentobarbital - based euthanasia solution is the preferred euthanasia method for mammals with practical vascular access (e.g., rabbits). Euthanasia is never a welfare issue, however failure to euthanize in a timely fashion can be. Injectable anesthetic overdoseVaries (IP or IV). A non-profit rabbit rescue and education organization, Many veterinarians and pet owners believe rabbit anesthesia is always a high-risk procedure; however, when done properly the risks are low and do not outweigh the benefits. Injection of Sodium Pentobarbital (euthanasia solution) IV; Intracoelomic, intracardiac and intraosseous injections can be used in unconscious or anesthetized birds. Butorphanol/ acepromazine . The AVMA report is the most extensive study of euthanasia methods currently available. Euthanasia is required when an untreatable disease (acute or chronic) has progressed to the extent that medication cannot prevent the rabbit from suffering. Practitioners are referred to Chapter 4 in the Textbook of Rabbit Medicine (Molly Varga: 2nd edition, 2014) for a complete overview of the principles of safe rabbit anesthesia. 1 Guidelines for Euthanasia of Rodents Using Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide (CO 2) inhalation is the most common method of euthanasia used at NIH for small animals (i.e., mice, rats, guinea pigs, and hamsters). Injectable agents can be administered via the dorsal lymph sac in Xenopus and some other amphibian species. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition Members of the Panel on Euthanasia Steven Leary, DVM, DACLAM (Chair); Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri Subsequently, the University of Michigan (U-M) has updated our practices and guidance documents to ensure that we are compliant … Sodium pentobarbital≥100 mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV). Anesthesia followed by physical methodCervical dislocation, decapitation, exsanguination, bilateral pneumothorax. Sodium pentobarbital≥100 mg/kg intracoelomic (ICL) or IV. Euthanasia decision making AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition Euthanizing agents •3 basic mechanisms: •direct depression of neurons necessary for life function •hypoxia •physical disruption of brain activity •Minimize or eliminate pain, anxiety, and distress prior to loss of consciousness Confirmation of death Consult an RAR veterinarian regarding specific agents. Some sample anesthetic protocols are shown below and are intended to precede gas anesthesia (isoflurane or sevoflurane) for maintenance. Euthanasia of the Rabbit. This is a controlled substance (DEA Schedule III). The agents and methods for euthanasia that are widely considered to be acceptable in rabbits include the use of barbiturates, inhalant anesthetics, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and potassium chloride combined with general anesthesia. Careful handling and restraint of rabbits is always necessary with both back support before and during anesthesia and monitored recovery after anesthesia. Cervical dislocation: 5.5.4.1. Carbon dioxide (CO2)Immersion; water bath saturated with CO2. Euthanasia solution≥86 mg/kg ICL or IV. Any sudden rabbit death is suspicious and should be reported to your veterinarian as a possible case of RHDV. The association’s panel evaluates each method based on 14 criteria: 1. ability to induce loss of consciousness Rabbit anesthesia when done safely and smartly should not be a hindrance to management of surgical patients and risks and fears should not outweigh the benefits. Instead euthanasia is an ethical decision. ... (rabbit, dog, swine, ferret, etc. Physical euthanasia without anesthesia will be considered by the IACUC on a case by case basis. Rabbits may die within 12-36 hours to a few weeks, after the onset of symptoms. 2. Alternative Chemical Euthanasia Protocols: Equine and Bovine Patients Note #1: These are suggested doses and agents – every patient is unique and doses of each agent may need to be adjusted according to clinical indication and the safety of personnel involved in the procedure. Anesthesia followed by potassium chloride75-150 mg/kg KCl IV. Useless in a high proportion of rabbits, due to the presence of serum atropinase. However, a factor to consider is that this will involve more handling which in itself may add A new protocol of anesthesia using thiopental, diazepam and xylazine in White New Zealand rabbits September 2011 Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5(9):1296-1300 RHDV1 1-3 days. We are committed to protecting research participants, upholding ethical standards, and improving our practice at every step of our work. 1.1.0 If euthanasia is observed, are rabbits handled humanely during the process? p. 7 G;1,-315- 4: Euthanasia should aim to minimize any pain and distress experienced by the animal prior to loss of con - by Anthony A. Pilny, DVM, DABVP (Avian) DRUG DOSE ROUTE FREQUENCY COMMENTS Analgesics . NSAIDs and opioids are often used in synergy. 5.5.3. 2-PhenoxyethanolImmersion; 0.3-0.4 mg/liter water bath. Find standard acceptable animal euthanasia methods based on guidelines from the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). It must be noted that any patient undergoing anesthesia, no matter the age or health status, accepts some risk and/or chance of unplanned or unexpected complications that could arise. 1. Find services, facilities, and equipment for researchers, Mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, or other small rodents, Livestock (cattle, goats, horses, sheep, or swine). An important feature of the changes in the AVMA Guidelines includes updates to recommended carbon dioxide (CO2) flow rates for rodent euthanasia. 10 - 100 mg/kg up to 3 mg/kg, SC in atropinase positive rabbits. Taping the legs is preferable to tying the limbs for surgical procedures. Peripheral vasodilatation Never hesitate to postpone or cancel anesthesia when it’s in the patient’s best interest. Pre-anesthetic evaluation is critically important and sometimes overlooked with rabbit patients and thus complications and death are blamed on the anesthesia rather than poor patient management. Gas inflow into the euthanasia chamber must be regulated to displace 30-70% of the chamber or cage volume per minute. Allow … Do not prefill the chamber. The Center for Avian & Exotic Medicine, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, HRS Conference Veterinary and Behavior Videos. Carbon dioxide (CO2)Inhalation to effect. This is a controlled substance (DEA Schedule II). In addition to fluid support, pain control is also commonly needed. Incubation Period. Use in rats >200 g to be performed under anesthesia only. IM. The rabbit should be sedated, but not anesthetized. selected, consistent with the nature of the experimental protocol. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) recently updated the Guidelines for Euthanasia of Animals. Administered rapidly to effect. Document observation. Confirm Euthanasia as described previously in this document; Isoflurane Euthanasia. b. Rabbits may be sedated to facilitate handling. CO2 tanks with euthanasia chambers are located in many of the animal facility procedure rooms. It helps reduce salivation, bronchial secretions, and avoids vagal induced bradycardia. IV = IntravenousIP = IntraperitonealICL = Intracoelomic, Also see: Guidelines for euthanasia of animals used in research, teaching and display, compmed@umn.eduVeterinary Services Office: 612-624-9100Business Office: 612-624-6169, 420 Delaware St. SEMMC 351 (Campus Delivery Code)Minneapolis, MN 55455, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)eProtocol (sign-in required)Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC)Research Occupational Health Program (ROHP), Helping researchers external and internal to the University of Minnesota find services, facilities, and equipment, Research Ethics at the University of Minnesota. Attention to analgesia is critical and especially important in the post-operative period. Use in rats >200 g to be performed under anesthesia only. Apply sterile non-medicated ophthalmic ointment to the eyes to prevent corneal drying during anesthesia or sedation. Xenopus. Consult an RAR veterinarian regarding s… Make a “bunny burrito” by wrapping the rabbit in a towel when needed to facilitate IM injections that can startle the rabbit. Physical methods of euthanasia are also an appropriate means to assure death after euthanasia with CO 2 or anesthetics used as euthanasia agents. Ketamine: Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic (which technically means that the brain and body are experienced separately by the patient) most often combined with valium to produce the same effect as Telazol. Advanced Research and Diagnostics Laboratory, Services for Researchers External to the University, Research & Support in the health sciences, guidelines from the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Guidelines for euthanasia of animals used in research, teaching and display, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Research Occupational Health Program (ROHP). The protocol must specify criteria that will be used to determine when euthanasia may be required, so that the investigator and/or veterinarian can ensure humane endpoints and fulfillment of protocol objectives. Dosing is the same for the commercial product Fatal-Plus®. Contains sodium pentobarbital 390 mg/ml + sodium phenytoin 50 mg/ml (dosing based on barbiturate concentration). When administered as an overdose as part of euthanasia, a complete anesthesia results (no pain can be felt). Flow rate must displace 30-70% of the chamber volume/minute. Keywords: animal welfare, euthanasia, lidocaine, intrathecal, cardiopulmonary arrest. Use in rats >200 g to be performed under anesthesia only. Aspirin. Moderate sedation. Rabbits Carnivores - dogs, cats, ferrets Large mammals - pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, horses ... to euthanasia may be considered as a method of reducing possible anxiety and distress. NA if not observed. The following Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) were created and/or revised by the Veterinary Care Subcommittee and/or the Occupational Health and Safety Subcommittee, and approved by the University Animal Care Committee. The method must be accomplished without inflicting additional injury to the rabbit. Use in conscious small rodents requires demonstrated technical skill (or must be performed only on unconscious/anesthetized small rodents). Practitioners should adopt protocols that work for them, perform appropriate pre-anesthetic evaluation, and develop an understanding of the unique characteristics of rabbits that make them such amazing animals! Our appointments may include ignoring your pet … ), death can be confirmed by cardiac arrest documented by an electrocardiogram or use of a stethoscope to confirm the heart does not beat for at least one minute, decapitation, or creating a Approval of the protocol indicates approval of the deviation from the SOP for that project only. trained euthanasia technicians) to follow in providing euthanasia for a variety of species. What Happens During an Euthanasia Appointment? DecapitationUse in conscious small rodents requires demonstrated technical skill (or must be performed only on unconscious/anesthetized small rodents). This unit offers protocols for euthanasia employing carbon dioxide asphyxiation (see Basic Protocol 1), pentobarbital overdose (see Basic Protocol 2), exsanguination, and cervical dislocation for the mouse, rat, hamster, and rabbit. Contains sodium pentobarbital 390 mg/ml + sodium phenytoin 50 mg/ml (dosing based on barbiturate concentration). Rabbits cannot vomit, so fasting is not mandatory. Flow rate must displace no more than 30% of the chamber volume/minute. A good physical examination and appropriate diagnostic evaluation including: blood tests to evaluate health, renal function, and PCV etc., and radiographs and ultrasound exams could also be part of anesthetic planning. 1 mg/kg / 0.5 mg/kg. an approved justification in the IACUC protocol. Contains sodium pentobarbital 390 mg/ml + sodium phenytoin 50 mg/ml (dosing based on barbiturate concentration). p. 7 G;1,-315- 3: Euthanasia should result in rapid loss of consciousness, followed by respiratory and cardiac arrest and ultimate loss of all brain function. 1. Prolonged exposure may be required for neonates and fetuses. Pass/Fail/ NA 1.1.1 If euthanasia is observed, do caretakers confirm death after the euthanasia method is applied? This is a controlled substance (DEA Schedule II). RHDV is often a very swift and sudden killer, giving little warning. Anesthesia followed by potassium chloride75-150 mg/kg KCl IV. Hospitalized rabbits often require doubling of maintenance rates, or 10 mL/kg/hr. Introduction Euthanasia is the process of inducing an easy, fast and painless death. Multiple pharmaceutical grade products available. Injectable anesthetic overdose Administration varies (IP or IV). B. Isoflurane Inhalation 1. Note: Complete this protocol form only if polyclonal antibodies will be produced in rabbits and all animal manipulations will be performed by trained research personnel according to the standard procedures detailed in this form. Policy The IACUC reviews all protocols using physical techniques to assure that personnel performing the procedures are appropriately trained. Animal Use Protocol (AUP) and approved by the Facility Animal Care Committee (FACC). Anesthetizing a rabbit on a level surface is also acceptable, however, caution should be taken to avoid inadvertently elevating the rabbit's hindquarters. • Euthanasia chambers should be large enough to permit each animal to stand on the floor of the chamber with all 4 feet and have sufficient space to turn around and perform normal postural adjustments. Whether we come to your home or you bring your pet to our clinic, we will use Fear Free℠ techniques to minimize any fear, anxiety, or stress your pet may experience. Careful handling and restraint of rabbits is always necessary with both back support before and during anesthesia and monitored recovery after anesthesia. Injectable anesthetic overdoseAdministration varies (IP or IV). Administer rapidly to effect. This unit offers protocols for euthanasia employing carbon dioxide asphyxiation (see Basic Protocol 1), pentobarbital overdose (see Basic Protocol 2), exsanguination, and cervical dislocation for the mouse, rat, hamster, and rabbit. Give the acepromazine first. To sedate the rabbit administer 10-25 mg/kg Ketamine + 1-3 mg/kg acepromazine IM in the caudal (quadriceps) muscles of the hind leg. May require prolonged exposure to ensure death. Carbon dioxide (CO2)Inhalation to effect. Euthanasia solution≥86 mg/kg IP or IV. • Euthanasia chambers should be kept clean and free of debris and excreta. The dosage of meloxicam in rabbits is 1 mg/kg/day, which … Benzocaine hydrochlorideImmersion; 250 mg/liter water bath. The UConn Health IACUC is committed to the humane care and use of laboratory animals. protocols must trigger euthanasia by either members of the investigative team and/or veterinary staff. Dosing is the same for the commercial product Fatal-Plus®. This is a controlled substance (DEA Schedule III). Intraperitoneal pentobarbital is acceptable for smaller mammals when intravenous access is not practical. Keep the head slightly elevated when in dorsal recumbency with the neck extended and never keep the rabbit on hard surfaces – use towels or padding and avoid v-trays. Sick rabbits should be stabilized when needed to be sure they are appropriate anesthetic patients. Additionally, fasting reduces the overall volume of the gastrointestinal tract, reducing pressure on the diaphragm whi… Isoflurane overdoseInhalation to effect. Anesthesia followed by potassium chloride75-150 mg/kg KCl IV. Make a “bunny burrito” by wrapping the rabbit in a towel when needed to facilitate IM injections that can startle the rabbit. The IACUC uses the AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia for all its recommendations. Consult a Research Animal Resources (RAR) veterinarian regarding specific agents. However, a pre-anesthetic fast of one to four hours is recommended, as they accumulate food and fluid within the oral cavity and oropharynx. This is a controlled substance (DEA Schedule II). One study found the risk of a rabbit dying under anesthesia to be about 1.39% overall – which is fairly low, but higher than for dogs and cats.1. This is a controlled substance (DEA Schedule II). 40 - 50 m g/kg. Although CO Injectable anesthetic overdoseAdministration varies (IP or IV). The IACUC has oversight of all animal-related activities performed at UConn Health. Recommended Rabbit Analgesic & Anesthetic Agents . Cervical dislocationUse in conscious small rodents requires demonstrated technical skill (or must be performed only on unconscious/anesthetized small rodents). Fasting for more than 1 hour is unnecessary and should be avoided. Carbon dioxide (CO2)Inhalation to effect. Dry ice must not be used to generate CO2 for euthanasia. Quiet cage rest after administration of pre-medications for 5-10 minutes is ideal to allow for sedation to take effect. Adjust the isofurane flow rate or concentration to 5% or greater; Continue isoflurane exposure until one minute after breathing stops; Confirm Euthanasia as described previously in this document. Multiple pharmaceutical grade products available. Sodium pentobarbital≥100 mg/kg IP or IV. The procedure should be performed with highest degree of respect for animal and it has to be safe for the operator 1- Corresponding author: Seyed Masoud, Zolhavarieh, DVM, DVSc Find standard acceptable animal euthanasia methods based on. This is a controlled substance (DEA Schedule III).
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