Eine Tatsache spricht jedoch dagegen: Untersuchungen von Pathologen haben ergeben, dass hier das Skelett eines 20- bis 25-jährigen Mannes gefunden wurde. 1940s. Perhaps the most mysterious figure to come out of the Amarna period was a character known to us now as Smenkhkare, or sometimes Neferneferuaten. Smenkhkare was husband to Meritaten, the daughter of his likely co-regent, Akhenaten. Some … [34][35], All but a few cartouches that are identified with Neferneferuaten include the epithets "...desired of Neferkheperure" and "...desired of Wa en Re." In point of fact, he may never have ruled on his own, though in the later years of Akhenaten reign, he was probably a co-regent. Hauptbeleg für diese Theorie sind die oben erwähnten Truhen aus dem Grab des Tutanchamun mit den Aufschriften T1 bis E2 (als Semenchkare gedeutet), dem Titular Echnatons und einer Großen königlichen Gemahlin (GKG) Meritaton, die seine älteste Tochter ist. If so, he would have been a maximum of five years old in Year 17, his … Two sets of names ar… So schreibt dazu Christine el Mahdy: „Im Grab des Merire II. Per Dodson's theory, Smenkhkare served only as co-regent with Akhenaten and never had an individual rule and Nefertiti became co-regent and eventual successor to Akhenaten. Read more on Wikipedia. I hope I can report on the shadowy pharaoh of “Smenkhkare” in a well-grounded and comprehensive way in the near future. There are few artifacts that attest to his existence at all, and so it is assumed his reign was short. At the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty, the royal family had prepared tombs in Amarna, rather than in the traditional burial grounds at Thebes. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 14. Contemporary English Version and wherever he goes, the first-born son in every family will die. To understand more about Tutankhamun and to possibly deduce who his father was, one must first understand the so-called “Amarna Period.” The Amarna Period generally refers to the period from the end of Amunhotep III’s rule (reigned ca. bis Echnaton: von diesen beiden Königen selbst sowie von Teje, Kija, Sitamun und Tutanchamun. There is nothing in the tomb positively identified as belonging to Smenkhkare, nor is his name found there. Die Beinamen (Epitheta) der oben angeführten Thron- und Eigennamen werden wie folgt übersetzt: Anch-cheperu-Re, Nefer-neferu-Aton wird also geliebt von Echnaton, denn alle Beinamen gehören zum Titular des Echnaton. Einzig im Grab von Merire II. Painted limestone. The skeletonized mummy was examined on a number of occasions over the years, including by Smith (1912), Derry (1931), Harrison (1966), Strouhal (1998/2010) and Filer (2001). Beispiele sind „Spaziergang im Garten“ und „Statuenkopf eines Königs“ im Museum Berlin. Furthermore, work is believed to have halted on the Amarna tombs shortly after Year 13. She concluded:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, The human remains from Tomb 55, as presented to me, are those of a young man who had no apparent abnormalities and was no older than his early twenties at death and probably a few years younger.[54]. Dadurch ergibt sich letztlich eine Lücke von bis zu dreieinhalb Jahren für weitere mögliche Könige, die in der ägyptologischen Forschung unterschiedlich besetzt werden. Die fehlenden Jahre zwischen den Pharaonen Echnaton, Semenchkare und Tutanchamun wurden einfach der Regierungszeit Haremhabs zugerechnet, der somit eine Regentschaft von 59 Jahren hätte. Die physische Ähnlichkeit von Körper und Schädel mit Tutanchamun und die identische Blutgruppe ließen vermuten, dass es sich hier um die sterblichen Überreste des Echnaton handelt. However, this is the only object known to carry both names side-by-side. In der 19. März 2021 um 00:40 Uhr bearbeitet. [33] For the better part of a century, the repetition of throne names was taken to mean that Smenkhare changed his name to Neferneferuaten at some point, probably upon the start of his sole reign. Miller, J. Later, she succeed her father and ruled as pharaoh in her own right The main argument against this is a box (Carter 001k) from Tutankhamun's tomb that lists Akhenaten, Neferneferuaten, and Meritaten as three separate individuals. Line drawings of a block depicting the nearly complete names of King Smenkhkare and Meritaten as Great Royal Wife were recorded before the block was lost. Allerdings hat die dünne Beweislage dazu geführt, alle wegen vollständig fehlender Inschriften nicht identifizierbaren königlichen Objekte aus der Amarnazeit Semenchkare zuzuschreiben. So erscheint in der Königsliste von Abydos im dortigen Tempel von Sethos I. Haremhab als direkter Nachfolger von Amenophis III. The boy could very well be Akhenaten's older brother Prince Thutmose or even Smenkhkare given that the KV35 ladies are now known to be related to Tutankamun.[66]. 1334 BC. Early Life . Es wurde aufgrund von Teilen eines Grabschreines mit dem Namen von Teje und der als weiblich erscheinenden Mumie fälschlicherweise zunächst dieser Königin zugeordnet. They otherwise hold very different views on the succession, chronology and identity of Neferneferuaten. In Beckerath (Lit. [2], Smenkhkare's origins are relatively unknown. Smenkhkare (sometimes erroneously spelled Smenkhare or Smenkare and meaning Vigorous is the Soul of Ra) was an ephemeral Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, of whom very little is known for certain.Believed by a growing number of experts to be the mummy from KV55, he is believed to be a younger son of Amenhotep III and queen Tiye, and therefore a younger brother of Akhenaten. XIII C. XLIV. [30] [31] Neferneferuaten is theorized to be either Nefertiti, Meritaten, or, more rarely, Neferneferuaten Tasherit. She is shown taking part in th… A wine docket from "the house of Smenkhkare" attests to Regnal Year 1. Smenkhkare (sometimes erroneously spelled Smenkhare or Smenkare and meaning Vigorous is the Soul of Ra) was an ephemeral Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh (1335-1333 BCE) of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, of whom very little is known for certain. 1403-1364 BC) until the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty of the New Kingdom. [20][21], Arguing against the co-regency theory, Allen suggests that Neferneferuaten followed Akhenaten and that upon her death, Smenkhkare ascended as pharaoh. Semenchkare war vermutlich ein altägyptischer König (Pharao) der 18. Dodson A. He was also called Smenkhkara Smenkhkare was Pharaoh during the late 18 th century for a very short time. in Amarna, wo er mit der Großen königlichen Gemahlin Meritaton dargestellt sein soll, allerdings sind die Kartuschen völlig zerstört. Aber auch diese Aussage ist wieder umstritten, denn nach den jüngsten Meldungen des ägyptischen Antikendienstes soll es sich jetzt um einen etwa 45–60-jährigen Mann handeln, wie jüngste CT-Untersuchungen ergeben hätten. Eugen Strouhal streitet sogar ab, dass diese Wirbelsäulenveränderung überhaupt feststellbar sei. Smenkhkare has been put forward as a candidate for the mummy within a desecrated royal coffin discovered in KV55. Chr.) Egyptian pharaoh. Soon after that, her father left the city and founded a new city called Akhetaten, in honor of his God, Aten. Whe… Serological tests on the KV55 remains and Tutankhamun's mummy were performed and published in Nature (1974). If a son of Akhenaten, his mother was likely an unknown, lesser wife. The case for Smenkhkare comes mostly from the presumed age of the mummy (see below) which, between ages 18 and 26 would not fit Akhenaten who reigned for 17 years and had fathered a child near by his first regnal year. Da Echnaton bei seinem Tode sicherlich älter war, bliebe nur einer übrig: Semenchkare. Aaron, or Smenkhkare, was pharaoh for a short interim period when Akhenaten was forced to abdicate when he tried to impose only one god (named Aten) on the Egyptians. As evidenced by the tomb of Meryre, work appears to have abruptly halted on the Amarna tombs after Year 13. In 2010, genetic tests and CT scans were performed with some of the results published in JAMA and reported in National Geographic, including a TV special. kaum mehr feststellbar ist“. In particular, the confusion of his identity compared to that of Pharoah Neferneferuaten has led to considerable academic debate about the order of kings in the late Amarna Period. Smenkhare. [19] This evidence has been taken by some Egyptologists to indicate that Akhenaten and Smenkhkare were co-regents. Since 2007, the English Wikipedia page of Smenkhkare has received more than 522,584 page views. kopierten beispielsweise sowohl Nestor L’Hote als auch Achille Prisse-d’Avennes dasselbe Relief in der Hauptkammer. Upload media. She was born in around 1348 BC in the city of Thebes. Semenchkare war vermutlich ein altägyptischer König (Pharao) der 18. Untersuchungen von Wissenschaftlern in jüngerer Zeit haben ergeben, dass sie ursprünglich lauteten „Semench-ka-Re Djeser-chepru-re“ und „die Große Königsgemahlin Meritaton“. The identity of the Pharaoh whose praenomen is Ankhkheprure, who is usually known as Smenkhkare, is somewhat mysterious. versucht, die Epoche seit Echnatons Regierungsbeginn und seiner direkten Nachfolger aus der Geschichte zu tilgen (Damnatio memoriae). : It is essential that, whether the KV55 skeleton is that of Smenkhkare or some previously-unknown prince… the assumption that the KV55 bones are those of Akhenaten be rejected before it becomes ‘, Das Geheimnis der Mumie aus KV55 (Mystery of the Mummy from KV55), News from the Valley of the Kings: DNA Shows that KV55 Mummy Probably Not Akhenaten, Royal Rumpus over King Tutankhamun's Ancestry, Commentary: Who’s the Real Tut? (Helck: 1324–1319, Rolf Krauss: 1335–1332 v. Letztendlich: der Name „Semenchkare“ erscheint auf den Truhen nicht. Because of this, perhaps no one from the Amarna Interlude has been the s… A royal vulture pectoral which was found placed on the head of the KV55 mummy. Smenkhkare. Es ist zwar stark beschädigt, zeigt aber einen König und eine Königin, deren Kartuschen allerdings zerstört wurden. Regierungsjahr. Several items from the tomb of Tutankhamun bear the name of Smenkhkare: As the evidence came to light in bits and pieces at a time when Smenkhkare was assumed to have also used the name Neferneferuaten, perhaps at the start of his sole reign, it sometimes defied logic. A compound bow (Carter 48h) and the mummy bands (Carter 256b) were both reworked for Tutankhamun. The nature of the debris, rubble fill and cement retaining wall suggest the desecration and attempt to remove the shrine of Tiye did not happen until later. However, the set of three empty cartouches can only account for the names of a king and queen. Die aufgefundenen Grabbeigaben stammen ausschließlich aus der Periode Amenophis III. Jahr seiner Regierung, Tutanchamun wiederum in seinem 10. Smenkhkare (alternatively romanized Smenkhare, Smenkare, or Smenkhkara; meaning "'Vigorous is the Soul of Re") was an Egyptian pharaoh of unknown background who lived and ruled during the Amarna Period of the 18th Dynasty. The authors [Hawass et al in JAMA] place this individual’s age at the time of death at 35–45, despite producing no evidence that repudiates well-known prior examinations citing the age in the 18–26 range. In 1978, it was proposed that there were two individuals using the same name: a male king Smenkhkare and a female Neferneferuaten. His names translate as ‘Living are the Forms of Re’ and ‘Vigorous is the Soul of Re – Holy of Forms’. Dylan Bickerstaffe calls it "almost perverse" that the mysterious "boy on a boat" found in KV35 was not tested while the "Elder Lady" and "Younger Lady" found there were. Alternatively, once the feminine traces were discovered in some versions of the throne names, it was proposed that Nefertiti was masquerading as Smenkhkare and later changed her name back to Neferneferuaten. Since his reign was brief, and he may never have been more than co-regent, the evidence for Smenkhkare is not plentiful, but nor is it quite as insubstantial as it is sometimes made out to be. Smenkhkare (sometimes spelled Smenkhare and Smenkare, and means "Strong is the Soul of Ra") was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, successor of the heretic Akhenaten, and predecessor of Tutankhamen.He reigned only briefly: both Smenkhkare and Akhenaten died in year 17 of Akhenaten's reign (1334/1333 BC), and Tutankhamen's reign began within a year of Akhenaten's death. Der später verfemte Echnaton starb vermutlich im 17. Semenchkare heißt er schon im letzten Relief im Grab des Merire II. The difficulty is that Smenkhkare shares some names with Nefertiti, wife of Akhenaten, and it is possible that Nefertiti was Smenkhkare, as it is not unheard of Ancient Egypt for women to become Pharaohs (e.g., Hatshepsut). Nach Ansicht einiger Forscher war Semenchkare der Nachfolger Echnatons. Ankhesenamun (ˁnḫ-s-n-imn, "Her Life Is of Amun"; c. 1348 – after 1322 BC) was a queen of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.Born as Ankhesenpaaten, she was the third of six known daughters of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten and his Great Royal Wife Nefertiti, and became the Great Royal Wife of her half-brother Tutankhamun. First, the feminine traces in some versions of the regnal names is most likely to be Neferneferuaten. Dynastie (Neues Reich), welcher etwa von 1336–1333 v. Chr. Wente used craniofacial analysis in 1995 (as well as examining past X-rays) to examine a cache of mummies, mostly from the 18th Dynasty, in order to sort out the relationships and true identities of each. Wikipedia. Die Mumienbänder, mit denen sie umwickelt war, trugen den Namen Echnatons (Arthur Weigall). It is assumed he was a member of the royal family, likely either a brother or son of the pharaoh Akhenaten. Yet since these are private cult stelae it would require a number of people to get the same idea to commission a retrospective, commemorative stela at the same time. Bei nicht wissenschaftlich belegten Epochen der ägyptischen Chronologie wird immer wieder auf Manetho verwiesen. Smenkhkare as successor to Neferneferuaten, Homosexuality between Akhenaten and Smenkhkare, sfn error: no target: CITEREFDodson2009 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRidley2019 (. … These earlier analyses – documented with written descriptions, photographs and radiographs – show a pattern of fused and unfused epiphyses (caps on ends of growing bones) throughout the skeleton, indicating a man much younger than Akhenaten is believed to have been at the time of his death. Akhenaten (meaning Glorious Spirit of Aten) was originally born named Amenhotep (meaning Amen is pleased). In Amarna Letter 35, the king of Alashia apologizes to Akhenaten for his small greeting gift of copper, explaining that a plague had killed off many of his copper miners. [40] It is now accepted that other artifacts similar to this one are depictions of Akhenaten and Neferneferuaten. His names translate as 'Living are the Forms of Re' and 'Vigorous is the Soul of Re - Holy of Forms'. drei Jahre Mitregent von, Semenchkare wurde durch seine Heirat mit Meritaton (älteste Tochter Echnatons) legitimer Nachfolger Echnatons und überlebte seinen Vorgänger um 1–5 Jahre (, Meritaton wird Echnatons Nachfolgerin, heiratet Semenchkare, der durch diese Heirat den Thron erbt (, Semenchkare ist mit Nofretete identisch (, Semench-ka-Re djeser-cheperu, ohne Kartusche. What DNA, CT scans, and archaeology tell us, Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semenchkare&oldid=209769852, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“, Semenchkare war ca. Less certain, but much more impressive is the. 1364-1347 BC) built a new city dedicated to the sun-god, Aten. regierte. There has been much confusion in identifying artifacts related to Smenkhkare because another pharaoh from the Amarna Period bears the same or similar royal titularly. Allen notes that the everyday interaction portrayed in them more likely indicates two living people.[21]. Smenchkare is de naam van twee (mogelijke) farao's in de Egyptische oudheid.De naam Smenchkare betekent: "Sterk is de ziel van Re".. De eerste is niet meer dan een naam op de lange lijst met koningsnamen van de 13e dynastie.Wat bekender is de koning van deze naam van de 18e dynastie van het Nieuwe Rijk, waarover dit artikel gaat, hoewel ook omtrent deze persoon veel onduidelijk is. One letter to the JAMA editors came from Arizona State University bioarchaeologist Brenda J. Baker. It was built in approximately Year 15 and was likely built for a significant event related to him. [6] Viele gehen daher weiterhin davon aus, dass die Mumie aus KV55 Semenchkare sei, der dann ein nicht belegter Bruder Echnatons oder Tutanchamuns wäre. Die Resultate sind 2010 publiziert worden und deuten sehr stark darauf, dass die Mumie in KV55 Echnaton und nicht Semenchkare ist, da er als Sohn von Teje und Amenophis III. His reign was during the Amarna Period, a time when Akhenaten sought to impose new religious views. There, Meritaten is explicitly listed as Great Royal Wife. So ist Merit-Aton bereits unter Echnaton als GKG benannt. 76, 1990, pp. Die unbeschrifteten Kanopenkrüge waren ursprünglich für eine Frau gefertigt (vermutlich Kija), sind jedoch für einen König umgearbeitet worden. steht dazu folgendes: „Demnach kommt Anchet-chepru-Re nur noch als Thronname der Nofretete in Betracht; sie scheint von Ach-en-Aten (Echnaton) in den späteren Jahren seiner Regierung zur Mitregentin erhoben worden zu sein“. And the cartouche of Nefertiti hadn't substituted by Ankhtkheperure Neferneferuaten, but by Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten. And presented with ‘his’ GRW still think ‘him’. Regierungsjahr belegt, deshalb sind also die bis zu 32 Jahre für eventuell fehlende Könige anzusetzen. A brother seemed more likely since the age would only be old enough to plausibly father a child at the upper extremes. : MÄS 46, S. 125): „Manethos Zeitangaben weichen also durchaus nicht von der chronologischen Wirklichkeit ab, sie verdienen Vertrauen, … die aus Manetho gewonnenen Zahlen würden die angegebene Chronologie noch verbessern.“. The simple association of names, particularly on everyday objects, is not conclusive of a co-regency. Smenkhkare's origins Nearly the biggest mystery associated with Smenkhkare was where he came from. [20] Auch das feminin-T entfällt oft, so bei Hatschepsut Maat-ka-Re und auch an anderer Stelle bei der Schreibung des Njsw.t-Bj.t-Namens zu Njsw-Bj und ist somit bei Titeln nicht eindeutig als männlich einzuordnen. Amarna. [4] Danach waren für das Jahr 2009 DNS-Untersuchungen geplant, um weitere Daten zu gewinnen. The priest turned out to be right - the god was Set, ruler of the desert wastes, father of chaos. New CT scans of the KV55 mummy also revealed an age-related degeneration in the spine and osteoarthritis in the knees and legs. (Helck: 13241319, Rolf Krauss: 13351332 v. Fraglich ist, welche Funde Semenchkare zugeordnet werden können und seine Stellung als tatsächlichen König belegen. Aldred, Cyril, Akhenaten: King of Egypt ,Thames and Hudson, 1991 (paperback), Miller, J. Für sich betrachtet erscheint diese Theorie schlüssig zu sein, woraus schnell eine homosexuelle Verbindung von Echnaton und Semenchkare konstruiert wurde. [10] [11], Some Egyptologists have speculated about the possibility of a two- or three-year reign for Smenkhkare based on a number of wine dockets from Amarna that lack a king's name but bear dates for regnal years 2 and 3. Very little is known of Smenkhkare for certain because later kings sought to erase the Amarna Period from history. 14th century BC (statement with Gregorian date earlier than 1584) Date of death. 1, 2, Davis, T.M., The Tomb of Queen Tiyi, (KMT Communications, 1990) p. viii, p. xiv, Strouhal, E. "Biological age of skeletonized mummy from Tomb KV 55 at Thebes" in, Hawass, Gad, 2010; eAppendix; Details of Methods, Results, and Comment, Duhig, Corinne. The pharaoh's identity and origin are controversial questions that resulted in numerous unsubstantiated theories. After the capital moved from Amarna, Akhenaten's successor might have faced a shortage of tombs for royal reburials.[71]. in 2010. And for a long time the only thing that makes me allow in my own mind for two individuals is that depiction with Meritaten in Meryre’s tomb. Every one of his six daughters, whenever referred to in writings from the period, was repeatedly called … Carsten Pusch, Albert Zink, Ashraf Selim, Yehia Zakaria et al. Akhenaton (rappeur) Akhenaton (rappeur) 1 Akhenaton (rappeur) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Akhénaton (homonymie). However under this theory, Akhenaten would be dead by the time Meritaten became pharaoh as Neferneferuaten. Nach Peter Munro[19] ist dieser Name der frühere Name des Semenchkare (frei übersetzt also „Semenchkare, geliebt von Echnaton“). Diese Funde werden häufig als Belege für diesen König angeführt, jedoch nennen sie alle nicht zusammenhängend explizit den Namen Semenchkare mit seinem Thronnamen, sondern vorwiegend allein den Thronnamen eines Herrschers namens Anch-cheperu-Re. He ruled as Amenhotep IV until he changed his name and tried to get the Egyptians to worship the one god Aten, … Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare Djeser Kheperu (sometimes spelled Smenkhare, Smenkare or Smenkhkara) was a short-lived pharaoh in the late 18th dynasty. [55] Wente's study found close cranial similarities between the mummies of Tutankhamun, KV55 and Thutmose IV. [9] A second wine docket dated to Year 1 refers to him as "Smenkhkare, (deceased)" and may indicate that he died during his first regnal year. Smenkhkare (alternatively romanized Smenkhare, Smenkare, or Smenkhkara; meaning "'Vigorous is the Soul of Re") was an Egyptian pharaoh of unknown background who lived and ruled during the Amarna Period of the 18th Dynasty.
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