how many billionaires in tunisia
The medina of Tunis, is World Heritage Site of UNESCO, and is a typical example of Islamic architecture. And while getting to a net worth of $1 billion at any point in time is a feat, doing it before the age of 35 is even more impressive. Independence from France was achieved on March 20, 1956. It is the oldest film festival on the African continent. Prior to the modern era, Tunisians were known as Afāriqah,[14] from the ancient name of Tunisia, Ifriqiya or Africa in the antiquity, which gave the present-day name of the continent Africa.[15]. They do not benefit from any social protection - medical coverage, retirement... - granted to professions with a legal status and may be subject to the exploitation of the recycling industry[23], The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017. In sum, a little less than 20 percent of their overall genetic material (Y-chromosome analysis) comes from the present day Levant, Arabia, Europe or sub-Saharan Africa.[46][47]. Occupation. In the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report for 2015–2016, Tunisia ranks in 92nd place. [41] Nonetheless, by 1870 the distinction between the Tunisian Arabic-speaking mass and the Turkish elite had blurred. Yet agricultural problems and urban unemployment led to increased migration to Europe. [50], Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups in Tunisia.[51]. A banner bears the national motto: "Liberty, Order, Justice". In April 2002, Tunisia's first US dollar-denominated sovereign bond issue since 1997 raised $458 million, with maturity in 2012. Abulafia, "The Norman Kingdom of Africa", 26. Tunisian tourist workers in Tunis have said that "tourism is dead, it is completely dead" expressing the severe drop in tourism after the attack. Tunisia's economic growth historically has depended on oil, phosphates, agri-food products, car parts manufacturing, and tourism. The Tunisian government adopted a unified investment code in 1993 to attract foreign capital. Despite its relatively small size that is about the size of the US state of Wisconsin, Tunisia's north-south extent lends it great environmental diversity. Tunisian cinema is today recognized as one of the most liberal, most inventive (and one of the most prize-winning) cinemas of Africa and the Middle-east. In 2011, after the Arab Spring, the economy slumped but then recovered with 2.81% GDP growth in 2014. Toggle navigation. Tunisia is not a very densely populated nation. km and a coastline of 1,148 km on the Mediterranean Sea to the north. The stock market capitalisation of listed companies in Tunisia was valued at $5.3 Billion in 2007, 15% of 2007 GDP, by the World Bank.[25]. Contrary to the pessimism of Albert Memmi, who predicted that Tunisian literature was sentenced to die young,[94] a high number of Tunisian writers are abroad including Abdelwahab Meddeb, Bakri Tahar, Mustapha Tlili, Hélé Béji or Mellah Fawzi. In 1990, Tunisia acceded to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). [90] This form of oriental dance usually performed in Tunisia insists on the movements of the pelvis in rhythm, movement highlighted by the elevation of the arms to horizontal, and feet moving in rhythm and transferring weight onto the right leg or left. 2). Unemployment continued to plague Tunisia's economy and was aggravated by a rapidly growing work force. [97] In France, their percentage is estimated at 38.2%. Tunisians are primarily of Berber ancestral origin (>60%). [60], Furthermore, jasmine is the subject of a specific sign language. Billionaires' Ball: ... Cambodia, and Nigeria, and even in many Middle Eastern countries, such as Egypt and Tunisia, where excessive inequality is widely believed to have played a role in sparking the Arab spring uprisings of 2009¬±2010. Many have withdrawal limits of 400DT. [19], GDP per capita soared by more than 380% in the seventies (1970–1980: USD 280–1,369). Tunisia is a North African country with a total area of 163,610 sq. National culture and heritage is constantly referred to with reference to the country's modern history, in particular, the construction of the modern state that followed the French protectorate from the 1950s. The influential role of the various dynasties that ruled the country, particularly in building cities and princes of Raqqada Mahdia, illuminates the role of the geopolitical context in the architectural history of the country. The government offers substantial tax incentives to encourage companies to join the exchange, and expansion is occurring. The variety of dances performed by the Tunisians probably reflects the migration flows that have traversed the country throughout the centuries. In the generally youthful African continent, Tunisia's population is among the most mature. The Suez Canal. ... 'If it weren’t for us, those billionaires would have never made any profit' [97] Thus there is currently a rejuvenation of the Tunisian diaspora which is now in its third generation. [64], The sign of Tanit is an anthropomorph symbol present on many archaeological remains of the Punic Civilization. Among the Tunisian literary figures include Ali Douagi, who has produced more than 150 radio stories, over 500 poems and folk songs and nearly 15 plays,[93] Khraief Bashir[93] and others such as Moncef Ghachem, Mohamed Salah Ben Mrad or Mahmoud Messadi. For a more detailed treatment of earlier periods and of the country in its regional context, see North Africa. In conjunction with the Association Agreement, the EU is assisting the Tunisian government's Mise A Niveau (upgrading) program to enhance the productivity of Tunisian businesses and prepare for competition in the global marketplace. In 1992, Tunisia re-entered the private international capital market for the first time in 6 years, securing a $10-million line of credit for balance-of-payments support. Tunisia's population was estimated to be around 11.6 million in mid-2019. From the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in 673, a small number of Arabs, Persians and other Middle-Eastern populations settled in Tunisia which was called Ifriqiya, from its ancient name the Roman province of Africa. However, in the areas between the ports of Bizerte and Ghar El Melh, settlements founded by the Moors fleeing Andalusia were reconquered by Catholic sovereigns and has more of a Christian influence. Today, the ethnic identity of Tunisians is the product of a centuries-long historical trajectory, with the Tunisian nation today being a junction of the Amazigh and Punic substratum, as well as Roman, Sicilian, Arab, Andalusian, Turkish, and French cultural and linguistic input. This was the reason or pretext for French forces to establish a Protectorate in 1881. [18] When Carthage fell in 146 BC to the Romans[19][20] the coastal population was mainly Punic, but that influence decreased away from the coast. The overwhelming majority of Tunisians are of Berber descent. Tunisian people, or Tunisians (Arabic: تونسيون Tūnisiyyūn, Tunisian Arabic: توانسة Twensa), are a Maghrebi ethnic group and nation native to Northern Africa, who speak Tunisian (Derja) and share a common Tunisian culture and identity.In addition, a Tunisian diaspora has been established with modern migration, particularly in Western Europe, namely France, Italy and Germany. The common charge of hypocrisy against wealthy people with leftist views (“Champaign socialists” “limousine liberals”) now has a new twist, as the growing number of billionaires in China, or the purported wealth of leaders in Bolivarian countries, is presented as proof that socialism is simply a myth utilized by power hungry politicians. It has been theorized that its origins lie in Carthage (modern-day Tunisia) and may have been associated with the Goddess Tanit. Like all Mediterranean cultures, Tunisian culture offers a "sun cuisine", based mainly on olive oil, spices, tomatoes, seafood (a wide range of fish) and meat from rearing (lamb). Fortune Magazine's New Owner Is Member Of Thailand's Richest Family. Phoenicians settled Tunisia during the 12th to the 2nd century BC, founded ancient Carthage. Among these cultures were the Carthaginian – their native civilization, Roman (Roman Africans), Vandal, Jewish, Christian, Arab, Islamic, Turkish, and French, in addition to native Amazigh. The important elements of Tunisian culture are diverse and represent a unique, mixed heritage. [55][56] Growing foreign debt and the foreign exchange crisis in the mid-1980s led the government to launch a structural adjustment program to liberalize prices, reduce tariffs, and reorient Tunisia toward a market economy in 1986. World "Heater Of Hope" Brings Respite To Women And Wildlife By Reducing Fuelwood Consumption In Bramhapuri, India. « 2009, l’année des rendez-vous culturels importants ». The top has a Carthaginian galley sailing on the sea while the lower part is divided vertically and on the right depicts a black lion seizing a silver scimitar. In the weeks ahead, both governments intend to make progress on a loan guarantee agreement that would allow Tunisia to move forward with a debt issuance. Yemen. Tunisia Area and Population Density. The government liberalized prices, reduced tariffs, lowered debt-service-to-exports and debt-to-GDP ratios, and extended the average maturity of its $10 billion foreign debt. Through many buildings, Kairouan forms the epicenter of an architectural movement expressing the relationship between buildings and spirituality with the ornamental decoration of religious buildings in the holy city. Tunisia's political transition gained new momentum in early 2014, with the resolution of a political deadlock, the adoption of a new Constitution and the appointment of a new government. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, pp. Tunisia's currency, the dinar, is not traded outside Tunisia. ATMs are found in almost all medium-sized towns, and certainly in all the tourist areas. Tunisians are also descended, to a lesser extent, from other North African and other European peoples. Credit cards can be used at top-end and many midrange establishments. Thus, the early Phoenicians brought with them their songs and dances, whose traces are rooted in the region of Tunis, while the Romans have left few traces of art in relation to their architectural contribution. Tunisia is a strong partner of the United States, and the U.S. Government is proud to support Tunisia in its transition to democracy. In effect the migrants of the 1960s and 70s were less educated (mostly farmers or manual labourers). The World Economic Forum 2002-03 ranked Tunisia 34th in the Global Competitiveness Index Ratings (two places behind South Africa, the continent's leader). [83] Tunisia also hosts the Carthage Film Festival which has been taking place since 1966. (...) This could be explained by the history of the Tunisian population, reflecting the influence of the ancient Phoenician settlers of Carthage followed, among others, by Roman, Byzantine, Arab and French occupations, according to historical records. On 20 April 2012, U.S. Treasury Secretary[28] and Tunisian Finance Minister Houcine Dimassi signed a declaration of intent[29] to move forward on a U.S. loan guarantee for Tunisia. (1977). [91], The Nuba, more rooted in popular practice, is linked to the dancers and the Kerkennah Djerba to a lesser extent. [18] From the Roman period until the Islamic conquest, Latins, Greeks and Numidian people further influenced the Tunisians, which were called Afariqa: (Roman) Africans. [27][28] Tunis was officially integrated into the Ottoman Empire as the Eyalet of Tunis (province), eventually including all of the Maghreb except Morocco. In 1996 Tunisia entered into an "Association Agreement" with the European Union (EU) which removed tariff and other trade barriers on most goods by 2008. [89] Religious dances were influenced by Sufism but by the end of the 15th century, had progressively become Andalusian with their dances and urban music. Inside Jordan. This consensus will allow for further reform in the economy and public sector. In Djerba, the architecture such as the fortress of Kef reflects the military and spiritual destiny of a Sufi influence in the region. ",[48][49] This suggests a fairly significant Middle Eastern and European input to Tunisian genetics compared to other neighbouring populations. Find out who lives near you with our celebrity finder. A Conventional Orthography for Tunisian Arabic. Tunisian cuisine is a blend of Mediterranean cuisine and traditions. Popular western music has also had major success with the emergence of many groups and festivals, including rock music, hip hop, reggae and jazz. Tunisia's economic growth historically has depended on oil, phosphates, agri-food products, car parts manufacturing, and tourism. 60 Subject 2 - Table NO.24", Population résidante permanente étrangère selon la nationalité (Office fédéral de la statistique), "Nawaat – Interview avec l' Association Tunisienne de Culture Amazighe", "An outline of the Shilha (Berber) vernacular of Douiret (Southern Tunisia)", "Tunisian Amazigh and the Fight for Recognition – Tunisialive", "Tunisia riots: Reform or be overthrown, US tells Arab states amid fresh riots", "Thousands protest before Tunisia crisis talks", "Tunisia assembly passes new constitution", "Tunisie : les législatives fixées au 26 octobre et la présidentielle au 23 novembre", "The Nobel Peace Prize 2015 - Press Release", "Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa", The X chromosome Alu insertions as a tool for human population genetics: data from European and African human groups, "X-chromosome SNP analyses in 11 human Mediterranean populations show a high overall genetic homogeneity except in North-west Africans (Moroccans)", "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome microstructure in Tunisia", "Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape", "L'iconographie du timbre-poste tunisien pendant et après la période coloniale", "La langue française dans le monde, Édition 2014". Structural adjustment brought additional lending from the World Bank and other Western creditors. The support would consist of the U.S. guarantee of Tunisian government-issued debt (or of bank loans made to the Government of Tunisia). Trips are also organised for them to experience Tunisian culture, history and civilisation. Tunisia is located on the north coast of Africa along the Mediterranean Sea, with a surface area of 63,170 square miles (163,610 square kilometers). The history of the Jews in Tunisia goes back some 2,600 years. Of course, most of the 197 billionaires in question are very likely to stay alive throughout the next year; according to Forbes, this group is 67 years old on average. Imported by the Andalusians in the sixteenth century, jasmine has become the national flower of Tunisia. In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, like almond (66 thousand tons) and sugar beet (76 thousand tons). Tunisian architecture is traditionally expressed in various facets in Tunisia through Roman architecture and Islamic architecture. [33][34] Widespread discontent remained however, leading to the 2013–14 Tunisian political crisis. [65] Both the symbol and the name of the goddess Tanit, are still frequently used within Tunisian culture such as with the tradition of Omek Tannou[66] or the grand film prize of the Tanit d'or. The festival gives priority to films from African and Middle-eastern countries. Routledge. However, later research has suggested instead that Tunisians exhibit a mostly indigenous Northwest African genetic make up similar to other Northwest African populations; characterized by a high amount of native Northwest African genes, but with higher Middle Eastern input than in Algeria or Morocco. The Bourse de Tunis is under the control of the state-run Financial Market Council and lists over 50 companies. Is the royal family rich? The economy of Tunisia is in the process of being liberalized after decades of heavy state direction and participation in the country's economy. [85] On November 7, 1962, Habib Bourguiba, whose brother is a playwright, devoted his speech to this art,[86] which he considers "a powerful means of disseminating culture and a most effective means of popular education". In the 19th century, the rulers of Tunisia became aware of the ongoing efforts at political and social reform in the Ottoman capital. Holt, P. M., Lambton, A. K., & Lewis, B. In 1948 the Jewish population was an estimated 105,000, but by 2013 only about 900 remained. [87] From this date, November 7 is regarded as the Tunisian National Day of drama.[88]. This heritage can be experienced first-hand in: museums such as the Bardo Museum, the contrast and diversity of city architecture such as Sidi Bou Said or the medina of Tunis, cuisine such as cheeses and French croissants, music reflecting Andalusian and Ottoman influences, literature, cinema, religion, the arts, and sports and other areas of Tunisian culture. But this proved unsustainable and it collapsed to a cumulative 10% growth in the turbulent eighties (1980–1990: USD 1,369–1,507), rising again to almost 50% cumulative growth in the nineties (1990–2000: USD 1,507–2,245), signifying the impact of successful diversification.[20]. de]. They give us a bit of fun, entertainment and even hope that we have a chance to become multi-millionaires. Sonia Mabrouk, « Les Tunisiens dans le monde », https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunisian_people&oldid=1016853232, Tunisian people by ethnic or national origin, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with dead external links from January 2017, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing Tunisian Arabic-language text, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 April 2021, at 12:22.